ir cold； hard faces were worn like coins that have been withdrawn from circulation； but there were greedy teeth behind the withered lips。 Dramas brought to a close or still in progress are foreshadowed by the sight of such actors as these； not the dramas that are played before the footlights and against a background of painted canvas； but dumb dramas of life； frost…bound dramas that sere hearts like fire； dramas that do not end with the actors' lives。
Mlle。 Michonneau； that elderly young lady； screened her weak eyes from the daylight by a soiled green silk shade with a rim of brass； an object fit to scare away the Angel of Pity himself。 Her shawl； with its scanty； draggled fringe； might have covered a skeleton； so meagre and angular was the form beneath it。 Yet she must have been pretty and shapely once。 What corrosive had destroyed the feminine outlines？ Was it trouble； or vice； or greed？ Had she loved too well？ Had she been a second…hand clothes dealer； a frequenter of the backstairs of great houses； or had she been merely a courtesan？ Was she expiating the flaunting triumphs of a youth overcrowded with pleasures by an old age in which she was shunned by every passer…by？ Her vacant gaze sent a chill through you； her shriveled face seemed like a menace。 Her voice was like the shrill； thin note of the grasshopper sounding from the thicket when winter is at hand。 She said that she had nursed an old gentleman； ill of catarrh of the bladder； and left to die by his children； who thought that he had nothing left。 His bequest to her； a life annuity of a thousand francs； was periodically disputed by his heirs； who mingled slander with their persecutions。 In spite of the ravages of conflicting passions； her face retained some traces of its former fairness and fineness of tissue； some vestiges of the physical charms of her youth still survived。
M。 Poiret was a sort of automaton。 He might be seen any day sailing like a gray shadow along the walks of the Jardin des Plantes； on his head a shabby cap； a cane with an old yellow ivory handle in the tips of his thin fingers； the outspread skirts of his threadbare overcoat failed to conceal his meagre figure； his breeches hung loosely on his shrunken limbs； the thin； blue…stockinged legs trembled like those of a drunken man； there was a notable breach of continuity between the dingy white waistcoat and crumpled shirt frills and the cravat twisted about a throat like a turkey gobbler's； altogether； his appearance set people wondering whether this outlandish ghost belonged to the audacious race of the sons of Japhet who flutter about on the Boulevard Italien。 What devouring kind of toil could have so shriveled him？ What devouring passions had darkened that bulbous countenance； which would have seemed outrageous as a caricature？ What had he been？ Well； perhaps he had been part of the machinery of justice； a clerk in the office to which the executioner sends in his accounts；so much for providing black veils for parricides； so much for sawdust； so much for pulleys and cord for the knife。 Or he might have been a receiver at the door of a public slaughter…house； or a sub…inspector of nuisances。 Indeed； the man appeared to have been one of the beasts of burden in our great social mill； one of those Parisian Ratons whom their Bertrands do not even know by sight； a pivot in the obscure machinery that disposes of misery and things unclean； one of those men； in short； at sight of whom we are prompted to remark that； 〃After all； we cannot do without them。〃
Stately Paris ignores the existence of these faces bleached by moral or physical suffering； but； then； Paris is in truth an ocean that no line can plumb。 You may survey its surface and describe it； but no matter how numerous and painstaking the toilers in this sea； there will always be lonely and unexplored regions in its depths； caverns unknown； flowers and pearls and monsters of the deep overlooked or forgotten by the divers of literature。 The Maison Vauquer is one of these curious monstrosities。
Two； however； of Mme。 Vauquer's boarders formed a striking contrast to the rest。 There was a sickly pallor； such as is often seen in anaemic girls； in Mlle。 Victorine Taillefer's face； and her unvarying expression of sadness； like her embarrassed manner and pinched look； was in keeping with the general wretchedness of the establishment in the Rue Nueve…Saint…Genevieve； which forms a background to this picture； but her face was young； there was youthfulness in her voice and elasticity in her movements。 This young misfortune was not unlike a shrub； newly planted in an uncongenial soil； where its leaves have already begun to wither。 The outlines of her figure； revealed by her dress of the simplest and cheapest materials； were also youthful。 There was the same kind of charm about her too slender form； her faintly colored face and light…brown hair； that modern poets find in mediaeval statuettes； and a sweet expression； a look of Christian resignation in the dark gray eyes。 She was pretty by force of contrast； if she had been happy； she would have been charming。 Happiness is the poetry of woman； as the toilette is her tinsel。 If the delightful excitement of a ball had made the pale face glow with color； if the delights of a luxurious life had brought the color to the wan cheeks that were slightly hollowed already； if love had put light into the sad eyes； then Victorine might have ranked among the fairest； but she lacked the two things which create woman a second timepretty dresses and love… letters。
A book might have been made of her story。 Her father was persuaded that he had sufficient reason for declining to acknowledge her； and allowed her a bare six hundred francs a year； he had further taken measures to disinherit his daughter； and had converted all his real estate into personalty； that he might leave it undivided to his son。 Victorine's mother had died broken…hearted in Mme。 Couture's house； and the latter； who was a near relation； had taken charge of the little orphan。 Unluckily； the widow of the commissary…general to the armies of the Republic had nothing in the world but her jointure and her widow's pension； and some day she might be obliged to leave the helpless； inexperienced girl to the mercy of the world。 The good soul； therefore； took Victorine to mass every Sunday； and to confession once a fortnight； thinking that； in any case； she would bring up her ward to be devout。 She was right； religion offered a solution of the problem of the young girl's future。 The poor child loved the father who refused to acknowledge her。 Once every year she tried to see him to deliver her mother's message of forgiveness； but every year hitherto she had knocked at that door in vain； her father was inexorable。 Her brother； her only means of communication； had not come to see her for four years； and had sent her no assistance； yet she prayed to God to unseal her father's eyes and to soften her brother's heart； and no accusations mingled with her prayers。 Mme。 Couture and Mme。 Vauquer exhausted the vocabulary of abuse； and failed to find words that did justice to the banker's iniquitous conduct； but while they heaped execrations on the millionaire； Victorine's words were as gentle as the moan of the wounded dove； and affection found expression even in the cry drawn from her by pain。
Eugene de Rastignac was a thoroughly southern type； he had a fair complexion； blue eyes； black hair。 In his figure； manner； and his whole bearing it was easy to see that he had either come of a noble family； or that； from his earliest childhood； he had been gently bred。 If he was careful of his wardrobe； only taking last year's clothes into daily wear； still upon occasion he could issue forth as a young man of fashion。 Ordinarily he wore a shabby coat and waistcoat； the limp black cravat； untidily knotted； that students affect； trousers that matched the rest of his costume； and boots that had been resoled。
Vautrin （the man of forty with the dyed whiskers） marked a transition stage between these two young people and the others。 He was the kind of man that calls forth the remark： 〃He looks a jovial sort！〃 He had broad shoulders； a well…developed chest； muscular arms； and strong square…fisted hands； the joints of his fingers were covered with tufts of fiery red hair。 His face was furrowed by premature wrinkles； there was a certain hardness about it in spite of his bland and insinuating manner。 His bass voice was by no means unpleasant； and was in keeping with his boisterous laughter。 He was always obliging； always in good spirits； if anything went wrong with one of the locks； he would soon unscrew it； take it to pieces； file it； oil and clean and set it in order； and put it back in its place again； 〃I am an old hand at it；〃 he used to say。 Not only so； he knew all about ships； the sea； France； foreign countries； men； business； law； great houses and prisons；there was nothing that he did not know。 If any one complained rather more than usual； he would offer his services at once。 He had several times lent money to Mme。 Vauquer； or to the boarders； but； somehow； those whom he obliged felt that they would sooner face death than fail to repay him； a certain resolute look； sometimes seen on his face； inspired fear of him； for all his appearance of easy good…nature。 In the way he spat there was an imperturbable coolness which seemed to indicate that this was a man who would not stick at a crime to extricate himself from a false position。 His eyes； like those of a pitiless judge； seemed to go to the very bottom of all questions； to read all natures； all feelings and thoughts。 His habit of life was very regular； he usually went out after breakfast； returning in time for dinner； and disappeared for the rest of the evening； letting himself in about midnight with a latch key； a privilege that Mme。 Vauquer accorded to no other boarder。 But then he was on very good terms with the widow； he used to call her 〃mamma；〃 and put his arm round her waist； a piece of flattery perhaps not appreciated to the full！ The worthy woman might imagine this to be an easy feat； but； as a matter of fact； no arm but Vautrin's was long enough to encircle her。
It was a characteristic trait of his generously to pay fifteen francs a