g enough to encircle her。
It was a characteristic trait of his generously to pay fifteen francs a month for the cup of coffee with a dash of brandy in it； which he took after dinner。 Less superficial observers than young men engulfed by the whirlpool of Parisian life； or old men； who took no interest in anything that did not directly concern them； would not have stopped short at the vaguely unsatisfactory impression that Vautrin made upon them。 He knew or guessed the concerns of every one about him； but none of them had been able to penetrate his thoughts； or to discover his occupation。 He had deliberately made his apparent good…nature； his unfailing readiness to oblige； and his high spirits into a barrier between himself and the rest of them； but not seldom he gave glimpses of appalling depths of character。 He seemed to delight in scourging the upper classes of society with the lash of his tongue； to take pleasure in convicting it of inconsistency； in mocking at law and order with some grim jest worthy of Juvenal； as if some grudge against the social system rankled in him； as if there were some mystery carefully hidden away in his life。
Mlle。 Taillefer felt attracted； perhaps unconsciously； by the strength of the one man； and the good looks of the other； her stolen glances and secret thoughts were divided between them； but neither of them seemed to take any notice of her； although some day a chance might alter her position； and she would be a wealthy heiress。 For that matter； there was not a soul in the house who took any trouble to investigate the various chronicles of misfortunes； real or imaginary； related by the rest。 Each one regarded the others with indifference； tempered by suspicion； it was a natural result of their relative positions。 Practical assistance not one could give； this they all knew； and they had long since exhausted their stock of condolence over previous discussions of their grievances。 They were in something the same position as an elderly couple who have nothing left to say to each other。 The routine of existence kept them in contact； but they were parts of a mechanism which wanted oil。 There was not one of them but would have passed a blind man begging in the street； not one that felt moved to pity by a tale of misfortune； not one who did not see in death the solution of the all… absorbing problem of misery which left them cold to the most terrible anguish in others。
The happiest of these hapless beings was certainly Mme。 Vauquer； who reigned supreme over this hospital supported by voluntary contributions。 For her； the little garden； which silence； and cold； and rain； and drought combined to make as dreary as an Asian steppe； was a pleasant shaded nook； the gaunt yellow house； the musty odors of a back shop had charms for her； and for her alone。 Those cells belonged to her。 She fed those convicts condemned to penal servitude for life； and her authority was recognized among them。 Where else in Paris would they have found wholesome food in sufficient quantity at the prices she charged them； and rooms which they were at liberty to make； if not exactly elegant or comfortable； at any rate clean and healthy？ If she had committed some flagrant act of injustice； the victim would have borne it in silence。
Such a gathering contained； as might have been expected； the elements out of which a complete society might be constructed。 And； as in a school； as in the world itself； there was among the eighteen men and women who met round the dinner table a poor creature； despised by all the others； condemned to be the butt of all their jokes。 At the beginning of Eugene de Rastignac's second twelvemonth； this figure suddenly started out into bold relief against the background of human forms and faces among which the law student was yet to live for another two years to come。 This laughing…stock was the retired vermicelli…merchant； Father Goriot； upon whose face a painter； like the historian； would have concentrated all the light in his picture。
How had it come about that the boarders regarded him with a half… malignant contempt？ Why did they subject the oldest among their number to a kind of persecution； in which there was mingled some pity； but no respect for his misfortunes？ Had he brought it on himself by some eccentricity or absurdity； which is less easily forgiven or forgotten than more serious defects？ The question strikes at the root of many a social injustice。 Perhaps it is only human nature to inflict suffering on anything that will endure suffering； whether by reason of its genuine humility； or indifference； or sheer helplessness。 Do we not； one and all； like to feel our strength even at the expense of some one or of something？ The poorest sample of humanity； the street arab； will pull the bell handle at every street door in bitter weather； and scramble up to write his name on the unsullied marble of a monument。
In the year 1813； at the age of sixty…nine or thereabouts； 〃Father Goriot〃 had sold his business and retiredto Mme。 Vauquer's boarding house。 When he first came there he had taken the rooms now occupied by Mme。 Couture； he had paid twelve hundred francs a year like a man to whom five louis more or less was a mere trifle。 For him Mme。 Vauquer had made various improvements in the three rooms destined for his use； in consideration of a certain sum paid in advance； so it was said； for the miserable furniture； that is to say； for some yellow cotton curtains； a few chairs of stained wood covered with Utrecht velvet； several wretched colored prints in frames； and wall papers that a little suburban tavern would have disdained。 Possibly it was the careless generosity with which Father Goriot allowed himself to be overreached at this period of his life （they called him Monsieur Goriot very respectfully then） that gave Mme。 Vauquer the meanest opinion of his business abilities； she looked on him as an imbecile where money was concerned。
Goriot had brought with him a considerable wardrobe； the gorgeous outfit of a retired tradesman who denies himself nothing。 Mme。 Vauquer's astonished eyes beheld no less than eighteen cambric… fronted shirts； the splendor of their fineness being enhanced by a pair of pins each bearing a large diamond； and connected by a short chain； an ornament which adorned the vermicelli…maker's shirt front。 He usually wore a coat of corn…flower blue； his rotund and portly person was still further set off by a clean white waistcoat； and a gold chain and seals which dangled over that broad expanse。 When his hostess accused him of being 〃a bit of a beau；〃 he smiled with the vanity of a citizen whose foible is gratified。 His cupboards （ormoires； as he called them in the popular dialect） were filled with a quantity of plate that he brought with him。 The widow's eyes gleamed as she obligingly helped him to unpack the soup ladles； table…spoons； forks； cruet… stands； tureens； dishes； and breakfast servicesall of silver； which were duly arranged upon shelves； besides a few more or less handsome pieces of plate； all weighing no inconsiderable number of ounces； he could not bring himself to part with these gifts that reminded him of past domestic festivals。
〃This was my wife's present to me on the first anniversary of our wedding day；〃 he said to Mme。 Vauquer； as he put away a little silver posset dish； with two turtle…doves billing on the cover。 〃Poor dear！ she spent on it all the money she had saved before we were married。 Do you know； I would sooner scratch the earth with my nails for a living； madame； than part with that。 But I shall be able to take my coffee out of it every morning for the rest of my days； thank the Lord！ I am not to be pitied。 There's not much fear of my starving for some time to come。〃
Finally； Mme。 Vauquer's magpie's eye had discovered and read certain entries in the list of shareholders in the funds； and； after a rough calculation； was disposed to credit Goriot （worthy man） with something like ten thousand francs a year。 From that day forward Mme。 Vauquer （nee de Conflans）； who； as a matter of fact； had seen forty…eight summers； though she would only own to thirty…nine of themMme。 Vauquer had her own ideas。 Though Goriot's eyes seemed to have shrunk in their sockets； though they were weak and watery； owing to some glandular affection which compelled him to wipe them continually； she considered him to be a very gentlemanly and pleasant…looking man。 Moreover； the widow saw favorable indications of character in the well…developed calves of his legs and in his square…shaped nose； indications still further borne out by the worthy man's full…moon countenance and look of stupid good…nature。 This； in all probability； was a strongly…build animal； whose brains mostly consisted in a capacity for affection。 His hair； worn in ailes de pigeon； and duly powdered every morning by the barber from the Ecole Polytechnique； described five points on his low forehead； and made an elegant setting to his face。 Though his manners were somewhat boorish； he was always as neat as a new pin and he took his snuff in a lordly way； like a man who knows that his snuff… box is always likely to be filled with maccaboy； so that when Mme。 Vauquer lay down to rest on the day of M。 Goriot's installation； her heart； like a larded partridge； sweltered before the fire of a burning desire to shake off the shroud of Vauquer and rise again as Goriot。 She would marry again； sell her boarding…house； give her hand to this fine flower of citizenship； become a lady of consequence in the quarter； and ask for subscriptions for charitable purposes； she would make little Sunday excursions to Choisy； Soissy； Gentilly； she would have a box at the theatre when she liked； instead of waiting for the author's tickets that one of her boarders sometimes gave her； in July； the whole Eldorado of a little Parisian household rose up before Mme。 Vauquer in her dreams。 Nobody knew that she herself possessed forty thousand francs； accumulated sou by sou； that was her secret； surely as far as money was concerned she was a very tolerable match。 〃And in other respects； I am quite his equal；〃 she said to herself； turning as if to assure herself of the charms of a form that the portly Sylvie found moulded in down feathers every morning。
For