argument against this theory to be found in the relative difference of size； for there are still existent in our world Frogs of a size and stature not inferior to our own； and many thousand years ago they appear to have been still larger。〃
〃I understand that；〃 said I； 〃because Frogs this enormous are； according to our eminent geologists； who perhaps saw them in dreams； said to have been distinguished inhabitants of the upper world before the Deluge； and such Frogs are exactly the creatures likely to have flourished in the lakes and morasses of your subterranean regions。 But pray； proceed。〃 77 〃In the Wrangling Period of History； whatever one sage asserted another sage was sure to contradict。 In fact； it was a maxim in that age； that the human reason could only be sustained aloft by being tossed to and fro in the perpetual motion of contradiction； and therefore another sect of philosophers maintained the doctrine that the An was not the descendant of the Frog； but that the Frog was clearly the improved development of the An。 The shape of the Frog； taken generally； was much more symmetrical than that of the An； beside the beautiful conformation of its lower limbs； its flanks and shoulders the majority of the Ana in that day were almost deformed； and certainly ill…shaped。 Again； the Frog had the power to live alike on land and in water… a mighty privilege； partaking of a spiritual essence denied to the An； since the disuse of his swimming…bladder clearly proves his degeneration from a higher development of species。 Again； the earlier races of the Ana seem to have been covered with hair； and； even to a comparatively recent date； hirsute bushes deformed the very faces of our ancestors； spreading wild over their cheeks and chins； as similar bushes； my poor Tish； spread wild over yours。 But the object of the higher races of the Ana through countless generations has been to erase all vestige of connection with hairy vertebrata； and they have gradually eliminated that debasing capillary excrement by the law of sexual selection； the Gy…ei naturally preferring youth or the beauty of smooth faces。 But the degree of the Frog in the scale of the vertebrata is shown in this； that he has no hair at all； not even on his head。 He was born to that hairless perfection which the most beautiful of the Ana； despite the culture of incalculable ages； have not yet attained。 The wonderful complication and delicacy of a Frog's nervous system and arterial circulation were shown by this school to be more susceptible of enjoyment than our inferior； or at least simpler； physical frame allows us to be。 The examination of a Frog's hand； if I may use that expression； accounted for its 78keener susceptibility to love； and to social life in general。 In fact； gregarious and amatory as are the Ana； Frogs are still more so。 In short； these two schools raged against each other； one asserting the An to be the perfected type of the Frog； the other that the Frog was the highest development of the An。 The moralists were divided in opinion with the naturalists； but the bulk of them sided with the Frog…preference school。 They said； with much plausibility； that in moral conduct （viz。； in the adherence to rules best adapted to the health and welfare of the individual and the community） there could be no doubt of the vast superiority of the Frog。 All history showed the wholesale immorality of the human race； the complete disregard； even by the most renowned amongst them； of the laws which they acknowledged to be essential to their own and the general happiness and wellbeing。 But the severest critic of the Frog race could not detect in their manners a single aberration from the moral law tacitly recognised by themselves。 And what； after all； can be the profit of civilisation if superiority in moral conduct be not the aim for which it strives； and the test by which its progress should be judged？
〃In fine； the adherents of this theory presumed that in some remote period the Frog race had been the improved development of the Human； but that； from some causes which defied rational conjecture； they had not maintained their original position in the scale of nature； while the Ana； though of inferior organisation； had； by dint less of their virtues than their vices； such as ferocity and cunning； gradually acquired ascendancy； much as among the human race itself tribes utterly barbarous have； by superiority in similar vices； utterly destroyed or reduced into insignificance tribes originally excelling them in mental gifts and culture。 Unhappily these disputes became involved with the religious notions of that age； and as society was then administered under the government of the Koom…Posh； who； being the most ignorant； were of course 79the most inflammable class… the multitude took the whole question out of the hands of the philosophers； political chiefs saw that the Frog dispute； so taken up by the populace； could become a most valuable instrument of their ambition； and for not less than one thousand years war and massacre prevailed； during which period the philosophers on both sides were butchered； and the government of Koom…Posh itself was happily brought to an end by the ascendancy of a family that clearly established its descent from the aboriginal tadpole； and furnished despotic rulers to the various nations of the Ana。 These despots finally disappeared； at least from our communities； as the discovery of vril led to the tranquil institutions under which flourish all the races of the Vril…ya。〃
〃And do no wranglers or philosophers now exist to revive the dispute； or do they all recognise the origin of your race in the tadpole？〃
〃Nay； such disputes；〃 said Zee； with a lofty smile； 〃belong to the Pah…bodh of the dark ages； and now only serve for the amusement of infants。 When we know the elements out of which our bodies are composed； elements in common to the humblest vegetable plants； can it signify whether the All…Wise combined those elements out of one form more than another； in order to create that in which He has placed the capacity to receive the idea of Himself； and all the varied grandeurs of intellect to which that idea gives birth？ The An in reality commenced to exist as An with the donation of that capacity； and； with that capacity； the sense to acknowledge that； however through the countless ages his race may improve in wisdom； it can never combine the elements at its command into the form of a tadpole。〃
〃You speak well； Zee；〃 said Aph…Lin； 〃and it is enough for us shortlived mortals to feel a reasonable assurance that whether the origin of the An was a tadpole or not； he is no more likely to become a tadpole again than the institutions of the Vril…ya are likely to relapse into the heaving quagmire and certain strife…rot of a Koom…Posh。〃
80 Chapter XVII。
The Vril…ya； being excluded from all sight of the heavenly bodies； and having no other difference between night and day than that which they deem it convenient to make for themselves；… do not； of course； arrive at their divisions of time by the same process that we do； but I found it easy by the aid of my watch； which I luckily had about me； to compute their time with great nicety。 I reserve for a future work on the science and literature of the Vril…ya； should I live to complete it； all details as to the manner in which they arrive at their rotation of time； and content myself here with saying； that in point of duration； their year differs very slightly from ours； but that the divisions of their year are by no means the same。 Their day； （including what we call night） consists of twenty hours of our time； instead of twenty…four； and of course their year comprises the correspondent increase in the number of days by which it is summed up。 They subdivide the twenty hours of their day thus… eight hours；* called the 〃Silent Hours；〃 for repose； eight hours； called the 〃Earnest Time；〃 for the pursuits and occupations of life； and four hours called the 〃Easy Time〃 （with which what I may term their day closes）； allotted to festivities； sport； recreation； or family converse； according to their several tastes and inclinations。
* For the sake of convenience； I adopt the word hours； days； years； &c。； in any general reference to subdivisions of time among the Vril…ya； those terms but loosely corresponding； however； with such subdivisions。
But； in truth； out of doors there is no night。 They maintain； both in the streets and in the surrounding country； to the limits of their territory； the same degree of light at all hours。 Only； within doors； they lower it to a soft twilight during the Silent Hours。 They have a great horror of perfect 81darkness； and their lights are never wholly extinguished。 On occasions of festivity they continue the duration of full light； but equally keep note of the distinction between night and day； by mechanical contrivances which answer the purpose of our clocks and watches。 They are very fond of music； and it is by music that these chronometers strike the principal division of time。 At every one of their hours； during their day； the sounds coming from all the time…pieces in their public buildings； and caught up； as it were； by those of houses or hamlets scattered amidst the landscapes without the city； have an effect singularly sweet； and yet singularly solemn。 But during the Silent Hours these sounds are so subdued as to be only faintly heard by a waking ear。 They have no change of seasons； and； at least on the territory of this tribe； the atmosphere seemed to me very equable； warm as that of an Italian summer； and humid rather than dry； in the forenoon usually very still； but at times invaded by strong blasts from the rocks that made the borders of their domain。 But time is the same to them for sowing or reaping as in the Golden Isles of the ancient poets。 At the same moment you see the younger plants in blade or bud； the older in ear or fruit。 All fruit…bearing plants； however； after fruitage； either shed or change the colour of their leaves。 But that which interested me most in reckoning up their divisions of time was the ascertainment of the average duration of life amongst them。 I found on minute inquiry that this very considerably exceede