mpared to what a man like him ought to have； so gallant and perfect is he in all things。 This king was constantly at war with the king of Orya； and entered his kingdom； taking and destroying many cities and towns； he put to rout numbers of his soldiers and elephants； and took captive his son； whom he kept for a long time in this city of Bisnaga； where he died； and in order to make a treaty and （preserve） peace； the king of Orya gave him a daughter whom the king of Bisnaga married and has as his wife。
This king has twelve lawful wives； of whom there are three principal ones； the sons of each of these three being heirs of the kingdom； but not these of the others； this is （the case） when there are sons to all of them； but when there is only one son； whosesoever he may be； he is heir。 One of these principal wives is the daughter of the king of Orya； and others daughters of a king his vassal who is king of Serimgapatao； another wife is a courtezan whom in his youth he had for mistress before he became king； and she made him promise that if he came to be king he would take her to wife； and thus it came to pass that this courtezan became his wife。 For love of her he built this new city； and its name was 。。。 （SIC IN ORIG。） 。。。 Each one of these wives has her house to herself； with her maidens and women of the chamber； and women guards and all other women servants necessary； all these are women； and no man enters where they are； save only the eunuchs； who guard them。 These women are never seen by any man； except perhaps by some old man of high rank by favour of the king。 When they wish to go out they are carried in litters shut up and closed；＇401＇ so that they cannot be seen； and all the eunuchs with them fully three or four hundred； and all other people keep a long distance from them。 They told us that each of these queens has a very large sum of money and treasure and personal ornaments； namely armlets； bracelets； seed…pearls；＇402＇ pearls and diamonds； and that in great quantity： and they also say that each of them has sixty maidens adorned as richly as could possibly be with many jewels； and rubies and diamonds and pearls and seed…pearls。 These we afterwards saw； and stood astonished； we saw them at certain festivals which I will afterwards speak of； and of the manner in which they came。 Within； with these maidens； they say that there are twelve thousand women； for you must know that there are women who handle sword and shield； and others who wrestle； and others who blow trumpets； and others pipes； and others instruments which are different from ours； and in the same way they have women as bearers （BOOIS） and washing…folk； and for other offices inside their gates； just as the king has the officers of his household。 These three principal wives have each the same； one as much as the other； so that there may never be any discord or ill feeling between them； all of them are great friends； and each one lives by herself。 It may be gathered from this what a large enclosure there must be for these houses where so many people live； and what streets and lanes they must have。
The king lives by himself inside the palace； and when he wishes to have with him one of his wives he orders a eunuch to go and call her。 The eunuch does not enter where she is； but tells it to the female guards； who make known to the queen that there is a message from the king； and then comes one of her maidens or chamber…women and learns what is wanted； and then the queen goes where the king is； or the king comes where she is； and so passes the time as it seems good to him without any of the others knowing。 Amongst these eunuchs the king has some who are great favourites； and who sleep where he sleeps； they receive a large salary。
This king is accustomed every day to drink QUARTILHO （three…quarter pint） of oil of GINGELLY＇403＇ before daylight； and anoints himself all over with the said oil； he covers his loins with a small cloth； and takes in his arms great weights made of earthenware； and then； taking a sword； he exercises himself with it till he has sweated out all the oil； and then he wrestles with one of his wrestlers。 After this labour he mounts a horse and gallops about the plain in one direction and another till dawn； for he does all this before daybreak。 Then he goes to wash himself； and a Brahman washes him whom he holds sacred； and who is a great favourite of his and is a man of great wealth； and after he is washed he goes to where his pagoda is inside the palace； and makes his orisons and ceremonies； according to custom。 Thence he goes to a building made in the shape of a porch without walls； which has many pillars hung with cloths right up to the top； and with the walls handsomely painted； it has on each side two figures of women very well made。 In such a building he despatches his work with those men who bear office in his kingdom； and govern his cities； and his favourites talk with them。 The greatest favourite is an old man called Temersea；＇404＇ he commands the whole household； and to him all the great lords act as to the king。 After the king has talked with these men on subjects pleasing to him he bids enter the lords and captains who wait at the gate； and these at once enter to make their salaam to him。 As soon as they appear they make their salaam to him； and place themselves along the walls far off from him； they do not speak one to another； nor do they chew betel before him； but they place their hands in the sleeves of their tunics （CABAYAS） and cast their eyes on the ground； and if the king desires to speak to any one it is done through a second person； and then he to whom the king desires to speak raises his eyes and replies to him who questions him； and then returns to his former position。 So they remain till the king bids them go； and then they all turn to make the salaam to him and go out。 The salaam； which is the greatest courtesy that exists among them； is that they put their hands joined above their head as high as they can。 Every day they go to make the salaam to the king。
When we came to this country the king was in this new town； and there went to see him Christovao de Figueiredo＇405＇ with all of us Portuguese that came with him； and all very handsomely dressed after our manner； with much finery； the king received him very well； and was very complacent to him。 The king was as much pleased with him as if he had been one of his own people； so much attention did he evince towards him； and also towards those amongst us who went with him he showed much kindness。 We were so close to the king that he touched us all and could not have enough of looking at us。 Then Christovao de Figueiredo gave him the letters from the Captain…Major＇406＇ and the things he had brought for him； with which he was greatly delighted； principally with certain organs＇407＇ that the said Christovao de Figueiredo brought him； with many other things （PECAS）。 The king was clothed in certain white cloths embroidered with many roses in gold； and with a PATECA＇408＇of diamonds on his neck of very great value； and on his head he had a cap of brocade in fashion like a Galician helmet； covered with a piece of fine stuff all of fine silk； and he was barefooted； for no one ever enters where the king is unless he has bare feet； and the majority of the people； or almost all； go about the country barefooted。 The shoes have pointed ends； in the ancient manner； and there are other shoes that have nothing but soles； but on top are some straps which help to keep them on the feet。 They are made like those which of old the Romans were wont to wear； as you will find on figures in some papers or antiquities which come from Italy。 The king gave to Christovao de Figueiredo on dismissing him a CABAYA （tunic） of brocade； with a cap of the same fashion as the king wore；＇409＇ and to each one of the Portuguese he gave a cloth embroidered with many pretty figures； and this the king gives because it is customary； he gives it in token of friendship and love。
When Christovao de Figueiredo had been dismissed by the king we came to the city of Bisnaga； which is a league from this new city； and here he commanded us to be lodged in some very good houses； and Figueiredo was visited by many lords and captains； and other persons who came on behalf of the king。 And the king sent him many sheep and fowls； and many vessels （CALOEES） full of butter and honey and many other things to eat； which he at once distributed amongst all the foot…soldiers and people whom he had brought with him。 The king said many kind and pleasant things to him； and asked him concerning the kind of state which the king of Portugal kept up； and having been told about it all he seemed much pleased。
Returning then to the city of Bisnaga； you must know that from it to the new city goes a street as wide as a place of tourney； with both sides lined throughout with rows of houses and shops where they sell everything； and all along this road are many trees that the king commanded to be planted； so as to afford shade to those that pass along。 On this road he commanded to be erected a very beautiful temple of stone；＇410＇ and there are other pagodas that the captains and great lords caused to be erected。
So that； returning to the city of Bisnaga； you must know that before you arrive at the city gates there is a gate with a wall that encloses all the other enclosures of the city； and this wall is a very strong one and of massive stonework； but at the present time it is injured in some places。 They do not fail to have citadels＇411＇ in it。 This wall has a moat of water in some places； and in the parts where it was constructed on low ground。 And there is； separate from it； yet another （defence） made in the following manner。 Certain pointed stones of great height are fixed in the ground as high as a man's breast； they are in breadth a lance…shaft and a half； with the same distance between them and the great wall。 This wall rises in all the low ground till it reaches some hill or rocky land。 From this first circuit until you enter the city there is a great distance； in which are fields in which they sow rice and have many gardens and much water； which water comes from two lakes。 The water passes through this first line of wall； and there is much water in th