omes from two lakes。 The water passes through this first line of wall； and there is much water in the lakes because of springs； and here there are orchards and a little grove of palms； and many houses。
Returning； then； to the first gate of the city； before you arrive at it you pass a little piece of water and then you arrive at the wall； which is very strong； all of stonework； and it makes a bend before you arrive at the gate； and at the entrance of this gate are two towers； one on each side； which makes it very strong。 It is large and beautiful。 As soon as you pass inside there are two little temples； one of them has an enclosing wall with many trees； while the whole of the other consists of buildings； and this wall of the first gate encircles the whole city。 Then going forward you have another gate with another line of wall； and it also encircles the city inside the first； and from here to the king's palace is all streets and rows of houses； very beautiful； and houses of captains and other rich and honourable men； you will see rows of houses with many figures and decorations pleasing to look at。 Going along the principal street； you have one of the chief gateways；＇412＇ which issues from a great open space＇413＇ in front of the king's palace； opposite this is another which passes along to the other side of the city； and across this open space pass all the carts and conveyances carrying stores and everything else； and because it is in the middle of the city it cannot but be useful。
This palace of the king is surrounded by a very strong wall like some of the others； and encloses a greater space （TERAA MOOR CERCA） than all the castle of Lisbon。
Still going forward； passing to the other gate you see two temples connected with it； one on each side； and at the door of one of these they kill every day many sheep； for in all the city they do not kill any sheep for the use of the heathen （Hindus）； or for sale in the markets； except at the gate of this pagoda。 Of their blood they make sacrifices to the idol that is in the temple。 They leave the heads to him； and for each sheep they give a SACO （CHAKRAM）； which is a coin like a CARTILHA （QUARTILHA a farthing）。
There is present at the slaughter of these beasts a JOGI （priest） who has charge of the temple； and as soon as they cut off the head of the sheep or goat this JOGI blows a horn as a sign that the idol receives that sacrifice。 Hereafter I shall tell of these JOGIS； what sort of men they are。＇414＇
Close to these pagodas is a triumphal car covered with carved work and images； and on one day in each year during a festival they drag this through the city in such streets as it can traverse。 It is large and cannot turn corners。
Going forward； you have a broad and beautiful street； full of rows of fine houses and streets of the sort I have described； and it is to be understood that the houses belong to men rich enough to afford such。 In this street live many merchants； and there you will find all sorts of rubies； and diamonds； and emeralds； and pearls； and seed…pearls； and cloths； and every other sort of thing there is on earth and that you may wish to buy。 Then you have there every evening a fair where they sell many common horses and nags （ROCIS E SEMDEIROS）； and also many citrons； and limes； and oranges； and grapes； and every other kind of garden stuff； and wood； you have all in this street。 At the end of it you have another gate with its wall； which wall goes to meet the wall of the second gate of which I have spoken in such sort that this city has three fortresses； with another which is the king's palace。 Then when this gate is passed you have another street where there are many craftsmen； and they sell many things； and in this street there are two small temples。 There are temples in every street； for these appertain to institutions like the confraternities you know of in our parts；＇415＇ of all the craftsmen and merchants； but the principal and greatest pagodas are outside the city。 In this street lodged Christovao de Figueiredo。 On every Friday you have a fair there； with many pigs and fowls and dried fish from the sea； and other things the produce of the country； of which I do not know the name； and in like manner a fair is held every day in different parts of the city。 At the end of this street is the Moorish quarter； which is at the very end of the city； and of these Moors there are many who are natives of the country＇416＇ and who are paid by the king and belong to his guard。 In this city you will find men belonging to every nation and people； because of the great trade which it has； and the many precious stones there； principally diamonds。
The size of this city I do not write here； because it cannot all be seen from any one spot； but I climbed a hill whence I could see a great part of it； I could not see it all because it lies between several ranges of hills。 What I saw from thence seemed to me as large as Rome； and very beautiful to the sight； there are many groves of trees within it； in the gardens of the houses； and many conduits of water which flow into the midst of it； and in places there are lakes （TAMQUES）； and the king has close to his palace a palm…grove and other rich…bearing fruit…trees。 Below the Moorish quarter is a little river； and on this side are many orchards and gardens with many fruit…trees； for the most part mangoes and areca…palms and jack…trees； and also many lime and orange trees； growing so closely one to another that it appears like a thick forest； and there are also white grapes。 All the water which is in the city comes from the two tanks of which I have spoken； outside the first enclosing wall。
The people in this city are countless in number； so much so that I do not wish to write it down for fear it should be thought fabulous； but I declare that no troops； horse or foot； could break their way through any street or lane； so great are the numbers of the people and elephants。
This is the best provided city in the world； and is stocked with provisions such as rice； wheat； grains； Indian…corn； and a certain amount of barley and beans； MOONG；＇417＇ pulses； horse…gram；＇418＇ and many other seeds which grow in this country which are the food of the people； and there is large store of these and very cheap； but wheat is not so common as the other grains； since no one eats it except the Moors。 But you will find what I have mentioned。 The streets and markets are full of laden oxen without count； so that you cannot get along for them； and in many streets you come upon so many of them that you have to wait for them to pass； or else have to go by another way。 There is much poultry； they give three fowls in the city for a coin worth a VINTEM；＇419＇ which coins are called FAVAOS；＇420＇ outside the city they give four fowls for a VINTEM。
In this country there are many partridges； but they are not of the same sort or quality as ours： they are like the ESTARNAS＇421＇ of Italy。
There are three sorts of these： one class has only a small spur such as those of Portugal have； another class has on each foot two very sharp spurs； almost as long and thick as one's finger； the other class is painted； and of these you will find the markets full； as also of quails； and hares； and all kinds of wild fowl； and other birds which live in the lakes and which look like geese。 All these birds and game animals they sell alive； and they are very cheap； for they give six or eight partridges for a VINTEM； and of hares they give two and sometimes one。 Of other birds they give more than you can count； for even of the large ones they give so many that you would hardly pay any attention to the little ones they give you； such as doves and pigeons and the common birds of the country。 The doves are of two kinds； some are like those in Portugal； others are as large as thrushes； of the doves they give twelve or fourteen for a FAVAO； the pigeons are the same price as the other birds。 Then the sheep that they kill every day are countless； one could not number them； for in every street there are men who will sell you mutton； so clean and so fat that it looks like pork； and you also have pigs in some streets of butchers' houses so white and clean that you could never see better in any country； a pig is worth four or five FANAMS。＇422＇ Then to see the many loads of limes that come each day； such that those of Povos are of no account；＇423＇ and also loads of sweet and sour oranges； and wild BRINJALS； and other garden stuff in such abundance as to stupefy one。 For the state of this city is not like that of other cities； which often fail of supplies and provisions； for in this one everything abounds； and also the quantity of butter and oil and milk sold every day； that is a thing I cannot refrain from mentioning； and as for the rearing of cows and buffaloes which goes on in the city； there is so much that you will go very far before you find another like it。 There are many pomegranates also； grapes are sold at three bunches a FANAM； and pomegranates ten for a FANAM。
On the north side of the city is a very great river with much water； in which are many fish； which fish are very unwholesome； and in this river there is that which passes for 。。。 （SIC。 IN ORIG。）； other streams flow into it； which make it very large。
Now as to the places on the bank of this river。 There is a city built there which they call SENAGUMDYM；＇424＇ and they say that of old it was the capital of the kingdom； but there now live in it few people； it still has good walls and is very strong； and it lies between two hill…ranges which have only two entrances。 A captain lives in this city for the king。 People cross to this place by boats which are round like baskets；＇425＇ inside they are made of cane； and outside are covered with leather； they are able to carry fifteen or twenty persons； and even horses and oxen can cross in them if necessary； but for the most part these animals swim across。 Men row them with a sort of paddle； and the boats are always turning round； as they cannot go straight like others； in all the kingdom where there are streams there are no other boats but these。＇426＇
There are also in this city places where they sell live sheep； you will see the fields round the city full of them； and also of cows and buffal