…set in figure and broad… shouldered； had a head like a bull； to which； in fact； he bore more than one resemblance。 His nose seemed shorter than it was； on account of the thick nostrils。 His full lips； drawn from the teeth which were white as snow； his large and round black eyes with their shaggy brows； his hanging ears and tawny hair；seemed to belong far less to our fine Caucasian race than to a breed of herbivorous animals。 The total absence of all the usual characteristics of the social man made that bare head still more remarkable。 The face； bronzed by the sun （its angular outlines presenting a sort of vague likeness to the granite which forms the soil of the region）； was the only visible portion of the body of this singular being。 From the neck down he was wrapped in a 〃sarrau〃 or smock； a sort of russet linen blouse； coarser in texture than that of the trousers of the less fortunate conscripts。 This 〃sarrau；〃 in which an antiquary would have recognized the 〃saye；〃 or the 〃sayon〃 of the Gauls； ended at his middle； where it was fastened to two leggings of goatskin by slivers； or thongs of wood； roughly cut；some of them still covered with their peel or bark。 These hides of the nanny…goat （to give them the name by which they were known to the peasantry） covered his legs and thighs； and masked all appearance of human shape。 Enormous sabots hid his feet。 His long and shining hair fell straight； like the goat's hair； on either side of his face； being parted in the centre like the hair of certain statues of the Middle…Ages which are still to be seen in our cathedrals。 In place of the knotty stick which the conscripts carried over their shoulders； this man held against his breast as though it were a musket； a heavy whip； the lash of which was closely braided and seemed to be twice as long as that of an ordinary whip。 The sudden apparition of this strange being seemed easily explained。 At first sight some of the officers took him for a recruit or conscript （the words were used indiscriminately） who had outstripped the column。 But the commandant himself was singularly surprised by the man's presence； he showed no alarm； but his face grew thoughtful。 After looking the intruder well over； he repeated； mechanically； as if preoccupied with anxious thought： 〃Yes； why don't they come on？ do you know； you？〃
〃Because；〃 said the gloomy apparition； with an accent which proved his difficulty in speaking French； 〃there Maine begins〃 （pointing with his huge； rough hand towards Ernee）； 〃and Bretagne ends。〃
Then he struck the ground sharply with the handle of his heavy whip close to the commandant's feet。 The impression produced on the spectators by the laconic harangue of the stranger was like that of a tom…tom in the midst of tender music。 But the word 〃harangue〃 is insufficient to reproduce the hatred； the desires of vengeance expressed by the haughty gesture of the hand； the brevity of the speech； and the look of sullen and cool…blooded energy on the countenance of the speaker。 The coarseness and roughness of the man； chopped out； as it seemed by an axe； with his rough bark still left on him；and the stupid ignorance of his features； made him seem； for the moment； like some half…savage demigod。 He stood stock…still in a prophetic attitude； as though he were the Genius of Brittany rising from a slumber of three years； to renew a war in which victory could only be followed by twofold mourning。
〃A pretty fellow this！〃 thought Hulot； 〃he looks to me like the emissary of men who mean to argue with their muskets。〃
Having growled these words between his teeth； the commandant cast his eyes in turn from the man to the valley； from the valley to the detachment； from the detachment to the steep acclivities on the right of the road； the ridges of which were covered with the broom and gorse of Brittany； then he suddenly turned them full on the stranger； whom he subjected to a mute interrogation； which he ended at last by roughly demanding； 〃Where do you come from？〃
His eager； piercing eye strove to detect the secrets of that impenetrable face； which never changed from the vacant； torpid expression in which a peasant when doing nothing wraps himself。
〃From the country of the Gars；〃 replied the man； without showing any uneasiness。
〃Your name？〃
〃Marche…a…Terre。〃
〃Why do you call yourself by your Chouan name in defiance of the law？〃
Marche…a…Terre； to use the name he gave to himself； looked at the commandant with so genuine an air of stupidity that the soldier believed the man had not understood him。
〃Do you belong to the recruits from Fougeres？〃
To this inquiry Marche…a…Terre replied by the bucolic 〃I don't know；〃 the hopeless imbecility of which puts an end to all inquiry。 He seated himself by the roadside； drew from his smock a few pieces of thin； black buckwheat…bread；a national delicacy； the dismal delights of which none but a Breton can understand；and began to eat with stolid indifference。 There seemed such a total absence of all human intelligence about the man that the officers compared him in turn to the cattle browsing in the valley pastures； to the savages of America； or the aboriginal inhabitants of the Cape of Good Hope。 Deceived by his behavior； the commandant himself was about to turn a deaf ear to his own misgivings； when； casting a last prudence glance on the man whom he had taken for the herald of an approaching carnage； he suddenly noticed that the hair； the smock； and the goatskin leggings of the stranger were full of thorns； scraps of leaves； and bits of trees and bushes； as though this Chouan had lately made his way for a long distance through thickets and underbrush。 Hulot looked significantly at his adjutant Gerard who stood beside him； pressed his hand firmly； and said in a low voice： 〃We came for wool； but we shall go back sheared。〃
The officers looked at each other silently in astonishment。
It is necessary here to make a digression； or the fears of the commandant will not be intelligible to those stay…at…home persons who are in the habit of doubting everything because they have seen nothing； and who might therefore deny the existence of Marche…a…Terre and the peasantry of the West； whose conduct； in the times we are speaking of； was often sublime。
The word 〃gars〃 pronounced 〃ga〃 is a relic of the Celtic language。 It has passed from low Breton into French； and the word in our present speech has more ancient associations than any other。 The 〃gais〃 was the principal weapon of the Gauls； 〃gaisde〃 meant armed； 〃gais〃 courage； 〃gas；〃 force。 The word has an analogy with the Latin word 〃vir〃 man； the root of 〃virtus〃 strength； courage。 The present dissertation is excusable as of national interest； besides； it may help to restore the use of such words as： 〃gars； garcon； garconette； garce； garcette；〃 now discarded from our speech as unseemly； whereas their origin is so warlike that we shall use them from time to time in the course of this history。 〃She is a famous 'garce'！〃 was a compliment little understood by Madame de Stael when it was paid to her in a little village of La Vendee； where she spent a few days of her exile。
Brittany is the region in all France where the manners and customs of the Gauls have left their strongest imprint。 That portion of the province where； even to our own times； the savage life and superstitious ideas of our rude ancestors still continueif we may use the wordrampant； is called 〃the country of the Gars。〃 When a canton （or district） is inhabited by a number of half…savages like the one who has just appeared upon the scene； the inhabitants call them 〃the Gars of such or such a parish。〃 This classic name is a reward for the fidelity with which they struggle to preserve the traditions of the language and manners of their Gaelic ancestors； their lives show to this day many remarkable and deeply embedded vestiges of the beliefs and superstitious practices of those ancient times。 Feudal customs are still maintained。 Antiquaries find Druidic monuments still standing。 The genius of modern civilization shrinks from forcing its way through those impenetrable primordial forests。 An unheard…of ferociousness； a brutal obstinacy； but also a regard for the sanctity of an oath； a complete ignoring of our laws； our customs； our dress； our modern coins； our language； but withal a patriarchal simplicity and virtues that are heroic；unite in keeping the inhabitants of this region more impoverished as to all intellectual knowledge than the Redskins； but also as proud； as crafty； and as enduring as they。 The position which Brittany occupies in the centre of Europe makes it more interesting to observe than Canada。 Surrounded by light whose beneficent warmth never reaches it； this region is like a frozen coal left black in the middle of a glowing fire。 The efforts made by several noble minds to win this glorious part of France； so rich in neglected treasures； to social life and to prosperity have all； even when sustained by government； come to nought against the inflexibility of a population given over to the habits of immemorial routine。 This unfortunate condition is partly accounted for by the nature of the land； broken by ravines； mountain torrents； lakes； and marshes； and bristling with hedges or earth…works which make a sort of citadel of every field； without roads； without canals； and at the mercy of prejudices which scorn our modern agriculture。 These will further be shown with all their dangers in our present history。
The picturesque lay of the land and the superstitions of the inhabitants prevent the formation of communities and the benefits arising from the exchange and comparison of ideas。 There are no villages。 The rickety buildings which the people call homes are sparsely scattered through the wilderness。 Each family lives as in a desert。 The only meetings among them are on Sundays and feast…days in the parish church。 These silent assemblies； under the eye of the rector （the only ruler of these rough minds） last some hours。 After listening to the awful words of the priest they return to their noisome hovels for another week； they leave them only to work； they return to them only to sleep。 No one ever visits them； unless it is the rector。 Consequently； it was the voice of the priesthood whic