one ever visits them； unless it is the rector。 Consequently； it was the voice of the priesthood which roused Brittany against the Republic； and sent thousands of men； five years before this history begins； to the support of the first Chouannerie。 The brothers Cottereau； whose name was given to that first uprising； were bold smugglers； plying their perilous trade between Laval and Fougeres。 The insurrections of Brittany had nothing fine or noble about them； and it may be truly said that if La Vendee turned its brigandage into a great war； Brittany turned war into a brigandage。 The proscription of princes； the destruction of religion； far from inspiring great sacrifices； were to the Chouans pretexts for mere pillage； and the events of this intestine warfare had all the savage moroseness of their own natures。 When the real defenders of the monarchy came to recruit men among these ignorant and violent people they vainly tried to give； for the honor of the white flag； some grandeur to the enterprises which had hitherto rendered the brigands odious； the Chouans remain in history as a memorable example of the danger of uprousing the uncivilized masses of the nation。
The sketch here made of a Breton valley and of the Breton men in the detachment of recruits； more especially that of the 〃gars〃 who so suddenly appeared on the summit of Mont Pelerine； gives a brief but faithful picture of the province and its inhabitants。 A trained imagination can by the help of these details obtain some idea of the theatre of the war and of the men who were its instruments。 The flowering hedges of the beautiful valleys concealed the combatants。 Each field was a fortress； every tree an ambush； the hollow trunk of each old willow hid a stratagem。 The place for a fight was everywhere。 Sharpshooters were lurking at every turn for the Blues； whom laughing young girls； unmindful of their perfidy； attracted within range；for had they not made pilgrimages with their fathers and their brothers； imploring to be taught wiles； and receiving absolution from their wayside Virgin of rotten wood？ Religion； or rather the fetichism of these ignorant creatures； absolved such murders of remorse。
Thus； when the struggle had once begun； every part of the country was dangerous；in fact； all things were full of peril； sound as well as silence； attraction as well as fear； the family hearth or the open country。 Treachery was everywhere； but it was treachery from conviction。 The people were savages serving God and the King after the fashion of Red Indians。 To make this sketch of the struggle exact and true at all points； the historian must add that the moment Hoche had signed his peace the whole country subsided into smiles and friendliness。 Families who were rending each other to pieces over night； were supping together without danger the next day。
The very moment that Commandant Hulot became aware of the secret treachery betrayed by the hairy skins of Marche…a…Terre； he was convinced that this peace； due to the genius of Hoche； the stability of which he had always doubted； was at an end。 The civil war； he felt； was about to be renewed；doubtless more terrible than ever after a cessation of three years。 The Revolution； mitigated by the events of the 9th Thermidor； would doubtless return to the old terrors which had made it odious to sound minds。 English gold would； as formerly； assist in the national discords。 The Republic； abandoned by young Bonaparte who had seemed to be its tutelary genius； was no longer in a condition to resist its enemies from without and from within；the worst and most cruel of whom were the last to appear。 The Civil War； already threatened by various partial uprisings； would assume a new and far more serious aspect if the Chouans were now to attack so strong an escort。 Such were the reflections that filled the mind of the commander （though less succinctly formulated） as soon as he perceived； in the condition of Marche…a…Terre's clothing； the signs of an ambush carefully planned。
The silence which followed the prophetic remark of the commandant to Gerard gave Hulot time to recover his self…possession。 The old soldier had been shaken。 He could not hinder his brow from clouding as he felt himself surrounded by the horrors of a warfare the atrocities of which would have shamed even cannibals。 Captain Merle and the adjutant Gerard could not explain to themselves the evident dread on the face of their leader as he looked at Marche…a…Terre eating his bread by the side of the road。 But Hulot's face soon cleared； he began to rejoice in the opportunity to fight for the Republic； and he joyously vowed to escape being the dupe of the Chouans； and to fathom the wily and impenetrable being whom they had done him the honor to employ against him。
Before taking any resolution he set himself to study the position in which it was evident the enemy intended to surprise him。 Observing that the road where the column had halted was about to pass through a sort of gorge； short to be sure； but flanked with woods from which several paths appeared to issue； he frowned heavily； and said to his two friends； in a low voice of some emotion：
〃We're in a devil of a wasp's…nest。〃
〃What do you fear？〃 asked Gerard。
〃Fear？ Yes； that's it； /fear/；〃 returned the commandant。 〃I have always had a fear of being shot like a dog at the edge of a wood； without a chance of crying out 'Who goes there？'〃
〃Pooh！〃 said Merle； laughing； 〃'Who goes there' is all humbug。〃
〃Are we in any real danger？〃 asked Gerard； as much surprised by Hulot's coolness as he was by his evident alarm。
〃Hush！〃 said the commandant； in a low voice。 〃We are in the jaws of the wolf； it is as dark as a pocket； and we must get some light。 Luckily； we've got the upper end of the slope！〃
So saying； he moved； with his two officers； in a way to surround Marche…a…Terre； who rose quickly； pretending to think himself in the way。
〃Stay where you are； vagabond！〃 said Hulot； keeping his eye on the apparently indifferent face of the Breton； and giving him a push which threw him back on the place where he had been sitting。
〃Friends；〃 continued Hulot； in a low voice； speaking to the two officers。 〃It is time I should tell you that it is all up with the army in Paris。 The Directory； in consequence of a disturbance in the Assembly； has made another clean sweep of our affairs。 Those pentarchs；puppets； I call them；those directors have just lost a good blade； Bernadotte has abandoned them。〃
〃Who will take his place？〃 asked Gerard； eagerly。
〃Milet…Mureau； an old blockhead。 A pretty time to choose to let fools sail the ship！ English rockets from all the headlands； and those cursed Chouan cockchafers in the air！ You may rely upon it that some one behind those puppets pulled the wire when they saw we were getting the worst of it。〃
〃How getting the worst of it？〃
〃Our armies are beaten at all points；〃 replied Hulot； sinking his voice still lower。 〃The Chouans have intercepted two couriers； I only received my despatches and last orders by a private messenger sent by Bernadotte just as he was leaving the ministry。 Luckily； friends have written me confidentially about this crisis。 Fouche has discovered that the tyrant Louis XVIII。 has been advised by traitors in Paris to send a leader to his followers in La Vendee。 It is thought that Barras is betraying the Republic。 At any rate； Pitt and the princes have sent a man； a /ci…devant/； vigorous； daring； full of talent； who intends； by uniting the Chouans with the Vendeans； to pluck the cap of liberty from the head of the Republic。 The fellow has lately landed in the Morbihan； I was the first to hear of it； and I sent the news to those knaves in Paris。 'The Gars' is the name he goes by。 All those beasts；〃 he added； pointing to Marche…a…Terre； 〃stick on names which would give a stomach…ache to honest patriots if they bore them。 The Gars is now in this district。 The presence of that fellow〃and again he signed to Marche…a…Terre〃as good as tells me he is on our back。 But they can't teach an old monkey to make faces； and you've got to help me to get my birds safe into their cage； and as quick as a flash too。 A pretty fool I should be if I allowed that /ci…devant/； who dares to come from London with his British gold； to trap me like a crow！〃
On learning these secret circumstances； and being well aware that their leader was never unnecessarily alarmed； the two officers saw the dangers of the position。 Gerard was about to ask some questions on the political state of Paris； some details of which Hulot had evidently passed over in silence； but a sign from his commander stopped him； and once more drew the eyes of all three to the Chouan。 Marche…a…Terre gave no sign of disturbance at being watched。 The curiosity of the two officers； who were new to this species of warfare； was greatly excited by this beginning of an affair which seemed to have an almost romantic interest； and they began to joke about it。 But Hulot stopped them at once。
〃God's thunder！〃 he cried。 〃Don't smoke upon the powder…cask； wasting courage for nothing is like carrying water in a basket。 Gerard；〃 he added； in the ear of his adjutant； 〃get nearer； by degrees； to that fellow； and watch him； at the first suspicious action put your sword through him。 As for me； I must take measures to carry on the ball if our unseen adversaries choose to open it。〃
The Chouan paid no attention to the movements of the young officer； and continued to play with his whip； and fling out the lash of it as though he were fishing in the ditch。
Meantime the commandant was saying to Merle； in a low voice： 〃Give ten picked men to a sergeant； and post them yourself above us on the summit of this slope； just where the path widens to a ledge； there you ought to see the whole length of the route to Ernee。 Choose a position where the road is not flanked by woods； and where the sergeant can overlook the country。 Take Clef…des…Coeurs； he is very intelligent。 This is no laughing matter； I wouldn't give a farthing for our skins if we don't turn the odds in our favor at once。〃
While Merle was executing this order with a rapidity of which he fully understood the importance； the commandant waved his right hand to enforce silence on the soldiers； who