the grand canyon of arizona- 第42部分

Making　Photographs　of　Soap　Creek　Rapids。　Later　in　the　same　year；　I　made　the　trip　by　wagon　from　Winslow；　Arizona；　over　the　Painted　Desert　to　Lee's　Ferry；　and　there；　to　my　great　delight；　met　Galloway。　He　built　a　boat；　and　took　me　up　Glen　Canyon　for　a　long　distance；　and　down　Marble　Canyon　to　Soap　Creek　Rapids；　where　poor　Brown　was　lost。　As　I　photographed　the　rapid；　he　offered　to　〃run　it〃　in　his　boat　if　I　desired；　saying　that；　with　his　light　boat；　there　was　no　danger　whatever。　I　declined；　however；　on　the　ground　that　no　photograph　ever　made　could　justify　the　risking　of　a　man's　life。　As　recently　as　August；　1908；　in　coming　to　the　Canyon　by　rail；　I　met　at　Kingman；　Arizona；　a　deputy　sheriff　by　name　of　Ayres；　who　was　one　of　my　party　taken　by　Galloway　up　the　Glen　Canyon。

In　the　Fall　of　1909；　Mr。　Galloway　accompanied　an　Eastern　capitalist；　Mr。　Julius　Stone；　of　Columbus；　Ohio；　in　boats　of　their　own　manufacture；　through　the　Canyons；　from　Green　River　to　Needles；　California。　They　had　a　delightful；　though　an　arduous　nine　weeks　trip。　Mr。　Stone　secured　the　finest　set　of　photographs　of　the　Canyons　as　a　whole　that　ever　have　been　made。

In　another　chapter；　entitled　〃The　Story　of　a　Boat；〃　the　interesting　account　of　the　successful　trip　of　Russell；　Monett　and　Loper　is　given。



CHAPTER　XXVII。　Indian　Legends　About　The　Grand　Canyon

Legendary　lore　is　generally　interesting。　It　reveals　the　mental　qualities　of　the　people　who　make　and　believe　it；　and　also　shows　how　the　child　mind　of　the　race　acts。　For　the　aboriginal　makers　of　legends　are　the　child　minds　of　the　race　in　active　operation。　There　are　many　legends　attaching　to　this　great　Canyon。　One　is　told　by　Major　Powell　in　his　〃Explorations〃　as　follows：

Legend　of　the　River's　Birth。　〃Long　ago；　there　was　a　great　and　wise　chief；　who　mourned　the　death　of　his　wife　and　would　not　be　comforted　until　Ta…vwoats；　one　of　the　Indian　gods；　came　to　him　and　told　him　she　was　in　a　happier　land；　and　offered　to　take　him　there；　that　he　might　see　for　himself；　if；　upon　his　return；　he　would　cease　to　mourn。　The　great　chief　promised。　Then　Ta…vwoats　made　a　trail　through　the　mountains　that　intervene　between　that　beautiful　land；　the　balmy　region　in　the　great　west；　and　this；　the　desert　home　of　the　poor　Numa。

〃This　trail　was　the　canyon　gorge　of　the　Colorado。　Through　it　he　led　him；　and；　when　they　had　returned；　the　deity　exacted　from　the　chief　a　promise　that　he　would　tell　no　one　of　the　joys　of　that　land；　lest；　through　discontent　with　the　circumstances　of　this　world；　they　should　desire　to　go　to　heaven。　Then　he　rolled　a　river　into　the　gorge；　a　broad；　raging　stream；　that　should　engulf　any　that　might　attempt　to　enter　thereby。

〃More　than　once　I　have　been　warned　by　the　Indians　not　to　enter　this　canyon。　They　considered　it　disobedience　to　the　gods；　and　contempt　for　their　authority；　and　believed　it　would　surely　bring　upon　one　their　wrath。〃

Hopi　Legend　of　Tiyo；　their　Cultus…Hero；　and　the　Canyon。　One　of　the　most　interesting　legends　of　the　Hopi　cultus…hero；　Tiyo；　relates　to　the　Grand　Canyon　of　the　Colorado　River；　and　is　told　by　Dr。　J。　Walter　Fewkes；　the　eminent　authority　on　the　ethnology　of　the　Hopis。　It　is　a　long　story；　but　the　chief　portions　of　the　narrative　are　as　follows：

Origin　of　Antelope　and　Snake　Clans。　〃Far　down　in　the　lowest　depths　of　the　Grand　Canyon　of　the　Colorado　River　（Pi…sis…bai…ya）；　at　the　place　where　we　used　to　gather　salt；　is　the　Shipapu；　or　orifice　where　we　emerged　from　the　underworld。　The　Zunis；　Kohoninos；　Paiutes；　white　men；　and　all　people　came　up　from　'the　below'　at　that　place。　Some　of　our　people　traveled　to　the　North；　but　the　cold　drove　them　back；　and　after　many　days　they　returned。　The　mothers；　carrying　their　children　on　their　backs；　went　out　to　gather　seeds　for　food；　and　they　plucked　the　prickly　pears　and　gave　it　to　their　children　to　still　their　cries；　and　these　have　ever　since　been　called　the　Prickly　Pear　People。

〃'Morning　Dove'　flew　overhead；　spying　out　the　springs　and　calling　us　to　come；　and　those　who　followed　him；　and　built　their　houses　at　the　waters　he　found；　are　still　called　after　him　the　Hu…wi…nya…muh；　or　Morning　Dove　People。　All　that　region　belonged　to　the　Puma；　Antelope；　Deer　and　other　Horn　people；　and　To…hi…a　（puma）　led　my　people；　the　Tohi…nyn…muh；　to　To…ko…na…bi　（Navaho　Mountain）；　and　the　Sand　people　and　the　Horn　people　also　dwelt　in　the　same　region。

〃We　built　many　houses　at　To…ko…na…bi；　and　lived　there　many　days；　but　the　springs　were　small；　the　clouds　were　thin；　rain　came　seldom；　and　our　corn　was　weak。　The　Ki…mon…wi　（village　chief）　of　the　To…hi…nyn…muh　had　two　sons　and　two　daughters；　and　his　eldest　son　was　known　by　the　name　of　Tiyo　（the　youth）。　He　seemed　to　be　always　melancholy　and　thoughtful；　and　was　wont　to　haunt　the　edge　of　the　cliffs。　All　day　he　would　sit　there；　gazing　down　into　the　deep　gorge　（of　the　Grand　Canyon）；　and　wondering　where　the　ever…flowing　water　went；　and　where　it　finally　found　rest。　He　often　discussed　this　question　with　his　father；　saying；　'It　must　flow　down　some　great　pit；　into　the　underworld；　for　after　all　these　years　the　gorge　below　never　fills　up；　and　none　of　the　water　ever　flows　back　again。'　His　father　would　say；　'Maybe　it　flows　so　far　away　that　many　old　men's　lives　would　be　too　short　to　mark　its　return。'　Tiyo　said；　'I　am　constrained　to　go　and　solve　this　mystery；　and　I　can　rest　no　more　till　I　make　the　venture。'　His　family　besought　him　with　tears　to　forego　his　project；　but　nothing　could　shake　his　determination；　and　he　won　them　to　give　their　sorrowful　consent。

〃The　father　said；　'It　is　impossible　for　you　to　follow　the　river　on　foot；　hence　you　must　look　for　a　hollow　cottonwood…tree；　and　I　will　help　you　make　a　wi…na…ci…buh　（timber　box）　in　which　you　may　float　upon　the　water。'　Tiyo　found　a　dry　cottonwood…tree；　which　they　felled；　and　cut　off　as　long　as　his　body；　and　it　was　as　large　around　as　they　both　could　encompass　with　their　outstretched　arms。　They　gouged　and　burned　out　all　of　the　inside；　leaving　only　a　thin　shell　of　dry　wood　like　a　large　drum；　small　branches　and　twigs　were　fitted　in　the　ends　to　close　them；　and　the　interstices　were　pitched　with　pinion　gum。　All　this　work　was　done　with　the　stone　axe　and　the　live　ember。

〃The　father　then　announced　that　in　four　days　Tiyo　should　set　forth；　and　during　that　time　the　mother　and　her　two　daughters　prepared　kwip…do…si　（a　kind　of　corn　meal　made　from　corn　which　has　been　dried　and　then　ground。　A　thin　gruel　is　made　of　it）　for　food；　and　the　father　made　prayer　emblems　and　pahos。　On　the　morning　of　the　fifth　day　the　father　brought　the　emblems　to　Tiyo　and　laid　them　on　a　white　cotton　mantle；　but　before　he　wrapped　them　up；　he　explained　their　significance。　He　also　gave　him　a　wand　to　be　used　in　guiding　his　box…boat；　after　which　Tiyo　crept　into　the　box；　received　from　his　mother　and　sisters　the　food；　and　then　his　father　closed　the　end　of　the　box；　gave　it　a　push　with　his　foot；　and　it　floated　away；　bobbing　up　and　down。

〃In　one　of　its　ends　there　was　a　small　circular　aperture；　through　which　he　thrust　his　wand；　and　pushed　away　from　the　rocks　which　were　encountered。　The　spray　splashed　through　the　opening；　and　this　he　caught　in　his　basin　when　he　wished　to　drink　or　to　mix　his　kwip…do…si；　and　he　was　also　provided　with　a　plug　to　close　the　hole　when　he　neared　the　roaring　waters。　He　floated　over　smooth　waters　and　swift…rushing　torrents；　plunged　down　cataracts；　and　for　many　days　spun　through　wild　whirlpools；　where　black　rocks　protruded　their　heads　like　angry　bears。

〃When　the　box　finally　stopped　Tiyo　drew　the　plug；　and　looking　out　saw　on　one　side　a　muddy　bank；　and　on　the　other　nothing　but　water；　so　he　pushed　out　the　end；　and　taking　his　paho　mantle　in　his　hand　passed　to　the　dry　land。　He　had　gone　but　a　little　way　when　he　heard　the　sound　of　'hist！　hist！'　coming　from　the　ground；　and　when　this　had　been　repeated　four　times；　he　descried　a　small　round　hole　near　his　feet；　and　this　was　the　house　of　Spider…Woman。*　'Um…pi…tuh；'　said　the　voice　（'you　have　arrived；'the　ordinary　Hopi　greeting）。　'My　heart　is　glad；　I　have　long　been　expecting　you；　come　down　into　my　house。'　'How　can　I；'　said　Tiyo；　'when　it　will　scarce　admit　the　point　of　my　toe？'　She　said；　'Try；'　and　when　he　laid　his　foot　upon　the　hole；　it　widened　out　larger　than　his　body；　and　he　passed　down　into　a　roomy　kiva。〃

*　Spider…Woman　is　an　important　figure　in　Hopi　mythology。　She　it　is　who　weaves　the　clouds　so　that　rain　may　come。　Hence　in　many　Hopi　ceremonies；　where　rain　is　prayed　for；　she　is　especially　propitiated。


The　legend　then　goes　on　to　describe　how　Tiyo　is　taken　and　guided　by　the　Spider…Woman　to　various　places；　where　he　learned　all　about　the　ceremonies　that　the　Hopis　now　perform　at　their　Snake　Dance　to　produce　rain。　He　met　the　Sun　and　the　Great　Snake　（Go…to…ya）；　and　Mu…i…yin…wuh　（a　divinity　of　the　underworld　who　makes　all　the　germs　of　life）；　and　each　taught　him　something　he　needed　to　learn。　Finally；　after　many　wonderful　adventures；　he　was　lifted　out　of　the　underworld　as　he　sat　in　a　ho…a…pah；　a　kind　of　wicker　pannier；　with　two　beautiful　maidens　of　the　snake　kiva；　by　Spider…Woman；　who　carried　him　over　the　country　and　deposited　him　at　his　home。　He　married　one　of　the　maidens　and　thus　founded　the　Snake　Clan；　and　his　brother　married　the　other　and　founded　the　Snake…Antelope　Clan。　These　two　clans　each　year　perform　the　ceremonies　that　produce　rain　in　the　desert　land；　where　still　live　the　descendants　of　Tiyo　and　his　brother。

Wallapai　Legend　of　the　Canyon。　The　Wallapais　say　that　it　was　one　of　their　cultus…heroes；　Pack…i…tha…a…wi；　who　made　the　Grand　Canyon。　There　had　been　a　big　flood；　and　the　earth　was　covered　with　water。　No　one　could　stir　but　Pack…i…tha…a…wi；　and　he　went　forth　carrying　a　big　knife　he　had　prepared　of　flint；　and　a　large；　heavy；　wooden　club。　He　struck　the　knife　deep　into　the　water…covered　ground　and　then　smote　it　deeper　and　deeper　with　his　club。　He　moved　it　back　and　forth　as　he　struck　it　further　into　the　earth；　until　the　canyon　was　formed　through　which　all　the　water　rushed　out　into　the　Sea　of　the　Sunset。　Then；　as　the　sun　shone；　the　ground　became　hard　and　solid；　as　we　find　it　to…day。

The　Havasupai　Legend　of　the　Canyon。　The　Havasupais　also　have　a　legend　connected　with　the　making　of　the　Grand　Canyon；　and　the　reader　will　observe　with　interest　the　points　of　the　story　that　are　similar　to　points　in　the　Hopi