personal memoirs-1- 第62部分

the　rebel　army　gets　hold　of　them。



〃U。　S。　GRANT；　Lieutenant…General。〃







〃HEADQUARTERS　ARMIES　OF　THE　UNITED　STATES；

〃CITY　POINT；　Aug。　21；　1864。



〃MAJOR…GENERAL　SHERIDAN；　Charlestown；　Va。：



〃In　stripping　Loudoun　County　of　supplies；　etc。；　impress　from　all

loyal　persons　so　that　they　may　receive　pay　for　what　is　taken　from

them。　　I　am　informed　by　the　Assistant　Secretary　of　War　that　Loudoun

County　has　a　large　population　of　Quakers；　who　are　all　favorably

disposed　to　the　Union。　　These　people　may　be　exempted　from　arrest。



〃U。　S。　GRANT；　Lieutenant…General。〃







〃HEADQUARTERS　ARMIES　OF　THE　UNITED　STATES

〃CITY　POINT；　Va。；　Aug。　26；2：30　P。　M。　1864。



〃MAJOR…GENERAL　SHERIDAN；　Halltown；　Va。：



〃Telegraphed　you　that　I　had　good　reason　for　believing　that　Fitz　Lee

had　been　ordered　back　here。　　I　now　think　it　likely　that　all　troops

will　be　ordered　back　from　the　valley　except　what　they　believe　to　be

the　minimum　number　to　detain　you。　　My　reason　for　supposing　this　is

based　upon　the　fact　that　yielding　up　the　Weldon　road　seems　to　be　a

blow　to　the　enemy　he　cannot　stand。　　I　think　I　do　not　overstate　the

loss　of　the　enemy　in　the　last　two　weeks　at　10；000　killed　and　wounded。

We　have　lost　heavily；　mostly　in　captured　when　the　enemy　gained

temporary　advantages。　　Watch　closely；　and　if　you　find　this　theory

correct；　push　with　all　vigor。　　Give　the　enemy　no　rest；　and　if　it　is

possible　to　follow　to　the　Virginia　Central　road；　follow　that　far。　　Do

all　the　damage　to　railroads　and　crops　you　can。　　Carry　off　stock　of

all　descriptions　and　negroes；　so　as　to　prevent　further　planting。　　If

the　war　is　to　last　another　year　we　want　the　Shenandoah　Valley　to

remain　a　barren　waste。



〃U。　S。　GRANT；　Lieutenant…General。







〃HEADQUARTERS　ARMIES　OF　THE　UNITED　STATES；

〃CITY　POINT；　Va。；　Sept。　4；10　A。　M。1864。



〃MAJOR…GENERAL　SHERIDAN；　Charlestown；　Va。：



〃In　cleaning　out　the　arms…bearing　community　of　Loudoun　County　and　the

subsistence　for　armies；　exercise　your　own　judgment　as　to　who　should

be　exempt　from　arrest；　and　as　to　who　should　receive　pay　for　their

stock；　grain；　etc。　　It　is　our　interest　that　that　county　should　not　be

capable　of　subsisting　a　hostile　army；　and　at　the　same　time　we　want　to

inflict　as　little　hardship　upon　Union　men　as　possible。



〃U。　S。　GRANT；　Lieutenant…General。〃







〃CITY　POINT；　Va。；　Nov。　9；　1864。

〃MAJOR…GENERAL　SHERIDAN；　Cedar　Creek；　Va。：



〃Do　you　not　think　it　advisable　to　notify　all　citizens　living　east　of

the　Blue　Ridge　to　move　out　north　of　the　Potomac　all　their　stock；

grain；　and　provisions　of　every　description？　　There　is　no　doubt　about

the　necessity　of　clearing　out　that　country　so　that　it　will　not

support　Mosby's　gang。　　And　the　question　is　whether　it　is　not　better

that　the　people　should　save　what　they　can。　　So　long　as　the　war　lasts

they　must　be　prevented　from　raising　another　crop；　both　there　and　as

high　up　the　valley　as　we　can　control。



〃U。　S。　GRANT；　Lieutenant…General。〃







He　had　rightly　concluded　that　it　was　time　to　bring　the　war　home　to　a

people　engaged　in　raising　crops　from　a　prolific　soil　to　feed　the

country's　enemies；　and　devoting　to　the　Confederacy　its　best　youth。　　I

endorsed　the　programme　in　all　its　parts；　for　the　stores　of　meat　and

grain　that　the　valley　provided；　and　the　men　it　furnished　for　Lee's

depleted　regiments；　were　the　strongest　auxiliaries　he　possessed　in

the　whole　insurgent　section。　　In　war　a　territory　like　this　is　a

factor　of　great　importance；　and　whichever　adversary　controls　it

permanently　reaps　all　the　advantages　of　its　prosperity。　　Hence；　as　I

have　said；　I　endorsed　Grant's　programme；　for　I　do　not　hold　war　to

mean　simply　that　lines　of　men　shall　engage　each　other　in　battle；　and

material　interests　be　ignored。　　This　is　but　a　duel；　in　which　one

combatant　seeks　the　other's　life；　war　means　much　more；　and　is　far

worse　than　this。　　Those　who　rest　at　home　in　peace　and　plenty　see　but

little　of　the　horrors　attending　such　a　duel；　and　even　grow

indifferent　to　them　as　the　struggle　goes　on；　contenting　themselves

with　encouraging　all　who　are　able…bodied　to　enlist　in　the　cause；　to

fill　up　the　shattered　ranks　as　death　thins　them。　　It　is　another

matter；　however；　when　deprivation　and　suffering　are　brought　to　their

own　doors。　　Then　the　case　appears　much　graver；　for　the　loss　of

property　weighs　heavy　with　the　most　of　mankind；　heavier　often；　than

the　sacrifices　made　on　the　field　of　battle。　　Death　is　popularly

considered　the　maximum　of　punishment　in　war；　but　it　is　not；　reduction

to　poverty　brings　prayers　for　peace　more　surely　and　more　quickly　than

does　the　destruction　of　human　life；　as　the　selfishness　of　man　has

demonstrated　in　more　than　one　great　conflict。



In　the　afternoon　of　the　16th　I　started　back　to　Winchester；　whence　I

could　better　supervise　our　regressive　march。　　As　I　was　passing

through　Newtown；　I　heard　cannonading　from　the　direction　of　Front

Royal；　and　on　reaching　Winchester；　Merritt's　couriers　brought　me　word

that　he　had　been　attacked　at　the　crossing　of　the　Shenandoah　by

Kershaw's　division　of　Anderson's　corps　and　two　brigades　of　Fitzhugh

Lee's　cavalry；　but　that　the　attack　had　been　handsomely　repulsed；　with

a　capture　of　two　battle…flags　and　three　hundred　prisoners。　　This　was

an　absolute　confirmation　of　the　despatch　from　Grant；　and　I　was　now

more　than　satisfied　with　the　wisdom　of　my　withdrawal。



At　daylight　of　the　17th　Emory　moved　from　Winchester　to　Berryville；

and　the　same　morning　Crook　and　Wright　reached　Winchester；　having

started　from　Cedar　Creek　the　day　before。　　From　Winchester；　Crook　and

Wright　resumed　their　march　toward　Clifton；　Wright；　who　had　the　rear

guard；　getting　that　day　as　far　as　the　Berryville　crossing　of　the

Opequon；　where　he　was　ordered　to　remain；　while　Crook　went　ahead　till

he　reached　the　vicinity　of　Berryville。　　On　the　afternoon　of　the　17th

Lowell　with　his　two　regiments　of　troopers　came　into　Winchester；　where

he　was　joined　by　Wilson's　mounted　division；　which　had　come　by　a　rapid

march　from　Snicker's　ferry。　　In　the　mean　time　Merritt；　after　his

handsome　engagement　with　Kershaw　near　Front　Royal；　had　been　ordered

back　to　the　neighborhood　of　White　Post；　so　that　my　cavalry　outposts

now　extended　from　this　last　point　around　to　the　west　of　Winchester。



During　all　these　operations　the　enemy　had　a　signal…station　on　Three

Top　Mountain；　almost　overhanging　Strasburg；　from　which　every　movement

made　by　our　troops　could　be　plainly　seen；　therefore；　early　on　the

morning　of　the　17th　he　became　aware　of　the　fact　that　we　were　retiring

down　the　valley；　and　at　once　made　after　us；　and　about　sundown　drove

Torbert　out　of　Winchester；　he　having　been　left　there…with　Wilson　and

Lowell；　and　the　Jersey　brigade　of　the　Sixth　Corps；　to　develop　the

character　of　the　enemy's　pursuit。　　After　a　severe　skirmish　Wilson　and

Lowell　fell　back　to　Summit　Point；　and　the　Jersey　brigade　joined　its

corps　at　the　crossing　of　the　Opequon。　　This　affair　demonstrated　that

Early's　whole　army　had　followed　us　from　Fisher's　Hill；　in　concert

with　Anderson　and　Fitzhugh　Lee　from　Front　Royal；　and　the　two　columns

joined　near　Winchester　the　morning　of　the　18th。



That　day　I　moved　the　Sixth　Corps　by　way　of　Clifton　to　Flowing　Spring；

two　and　a　half　miles　west　of　Charlestown；　on　the　Smithfield　pike；　and

Emory；　with　Dwight's　and　Grower's　divisions　（Grower's　having　joined

that　morning　from　Washington）；　to　a　position　about　the　same　distance

south　of　Charlestown；　on　the　Berryville　pike。　　Following　these

movements；　Merritt　fell　back　to　Berryville；　covering　the　Berryville

pike　crossing　of　the　Opequon；　and　Wilson　was　stationed　at　Summit

Point；　whence　he　held　a　line　along　the　Opequon　as　far　north　as　the

bridge　at　Smithfield。　　Crook　continued　to　hold　on　near　Clifton　until

the　next　day；　and　was　then　moved　into　place　on　the　left　of　Emory。



This　line　was　practically　maintained　till　the　21st；　when　the　enemy；

throwing　a　heavy　force　across　the　Opequon　by　the　bridge　at

Smithfield；　drove　in　my　cavalry　pickets　to　Summit　Point；　and　followed

up　with　a　rapid　advance　against　the　position　of　the　Sixth　Corps　near

Flowing　Spring。　　A　sharp　and　obstinate　skirmish　with　a　heavy　picket…

line　of　the　Sixth　Corps　grew　out　of　this　manoeuvre；　and　resulted　very

much　in　our　favor；　but　the　quick　withdrawal　of　the　Confederates　left

no　opportunity　for　a　general　engagement。　　It　seems　that　General　Early

thought　I　had　taken　position　near　Summit　Point；　and　that　by　moving

rapidly　around　through　Smithfield　he　could　fall　upon　my　rear　in

concert　with　an　attack　in　front　by　Anderson；　but　the　warm　reception

given　him　disclosed　his　error；　for　he　soon　discovered　that　my　line

lay　in　front　of　Charlestown　instead　of　where　he　supposed。



In　the　manoeuvre　Merritt　had　been　attacked　in　front　of　Berryville　and

Wilson　at　Summit　Point；　the　former　by　cavalry　and　the　latter　by

Anderson's　infantry。　　The　exposed　positions　of　Merritt　and　Wilson

necessitated　their　withdrawal　if　I　was　to　continue　to　act　on　the

defensive；　so；　after　the　army　had　moved　back　to　Halltown　the

preceding　night；　without　loss　or　inconvenience；　I　called　them　in　and

posted　them　on　the　right　of　the　infantry。



My　retrograde　move　from　Strasburg　to　Halltown　caused　considerable

alarm　in　the　North；　as　the　public　was　ignorant　of　the　reasons　for　it；

and　in　the　excited　state　of　mind　then　prevailing；　it　was　generally

expected　that　the　reinforced　Confederate　army　would　again　cross　the

Potomac；　ravage　Maryland　and　Pennsylvania；　and　possibly　capture

Washington。　　Mutterings　of　dissatisfaction　reached　me　from　many

sources；　and　loud　calls　were　made　for　my　removal；　but　I　felt

confident　that　my　course　would　be　justified　when　the　true　situation

was　understood；　for　I　knew　that　I　was　complying　with　my　instructions。

Therefore　I　paid　small　heed　to　the　adverse　criticisms　pouring　down

from　the　North　almost　every　day；　being　fully　convinced　that　the　best

course　was　to　bide　my　time；　and　wait　till　I　could　get　the　e