¡¶the americanization of edward bok¡·

ÏÂÔØ±¾Êé

Ìí¼ÓÊéÇ©

the americanization of edward bok- µÚ55²¿·Ö


°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·­Ò³£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
y¡¡eliminate¡¡encores¡¡from¡¡any¡¡concert£¿¡¡If¡¡he¡¡liked¡¡the¡¡way¡¡any¡¡performer¡¡played£»¡¡he¡¡had¡¡always¡¡done¡¡his¡¡share¡¡to¡¡secure¡¡an¡¡encore¡£¡¡Why¡¡should¡¡not¡¡the¡¡public¡¡have¡¡an¡¡encore¡¡if¡¡it¡¡desired¡¡it£»¡¡and¡¡why¡¡should¡¡a¡¡conductor¡¡or¡¡a¡¡performer¡¡object£¿¡¡Hofmann¡¡explained¡¡to¡¡him¡¡the¡¡entity¡¡of¡¡a¡¡symphonic¡¡programme£»¡¡that¡¡it¡¡was¡¡made¡¡up¡¡with¡¡one¡¡composition¡¡in¡¡relation¡¡to¡¡the¡¡others¡¡as¡¡a¡¡sympathetic¡¡unit£»¡¡and¡¡that¡¡an¡¡encore¡¡was¡¡an¡¡intrusion£»¡¡disturbing¡¡the¡¡harmony¡¡of¡¡the¡¡whole¡£

¡¨I¡¡wish¡¡you¡¡would¡¡let¡¡Stokowski¡¡come¡¡out¡¡and¡¡explain¡¡to¡¡you¡¡what¡¡he¡¡is¡¡trying¡¡to¡¡do£»¡¨¡¡said¡¡Hofmann¡£¡¡¡¨He¡¡knows¡¡what¡¡he¡¡wants£»¡¡and¡¡he¡¡is¡¡right¡¡in¡¡his¡¡efforts£»¡¡but¡¡he¡¡doesn't¡¡know¡¡how¡¡to¡¡educate¡¡the¡¡public¡£¡¡There¡¡is¡¡where¡¡you¡¡could¡¡help¡¡him¡£¡¨

But¡¡Bok¡¡had¡¡no¡¡desire¡¡to¡¡meet¡¡Stokowski¡£¡¡He¡¡mentally¡¡pictured¡¡the¡¡conductor£º¡¡long¡¡hair£»¡¡feet¡¡never¡¡touching¡¡the¡¡earth£»¡¡temperament¡¡galore£»¡¡he¡¡knew¡¡them£¡¡¡And¡¡he¡¡had¡¡no¡¡wish¡¡to¡¡introduce¡¡the¡¡type¡¡into¡¡his¡¡home¡¡life¡£

Mrs¡£¡¡Bok£»¡¡however£»¡¡ably¡¡seconded¡¡Josef¡¡Hofmann£»¡¡and¡¡endeavored¡¡to¡¡dissipate¡¡Bok's¡¡preconceived¡¡notion£»¡¡with¡¡the¡¡result¡¡that¡¡Stokowksi¡¡came¡¡to¡¡the¡¡Bok¡¡home¡£

Bok¡¡was¡¡not¡¡slow¡¡to¡¡see¡¡that¡¡Stokowski¡¡was¡¡quite¡¡the¡¡reverse¡¡of¡¡his¡¡mental¡¡picture£»¡¡and¡¡became¡¡intensely¡¡interested¡¡in¡¡the¡¡youthful¡¡conductor's¡¡practical¡¡way¡¡of¡¡looking¡¡at¡¡things¡£¡¡It¡¡was¡¡agreed¡¡that¡¡the¡¡encore¡¡¡¨bull¡¨¡¡was¡¡to¡¡be¡¡taken¡¡by¡¡the¡¡horns¡¡that¡¡week£»¡¡that¡¡no¡¡matter¡¡what¡¡the¡¡ovation¡¡to¡¡Hofmann¡¡might¡¡be£»¡¡however¡¡the¡¡public¡¡might¡¡clamor£»¡¡no¡¡encore¡¡was¡¡to¡¡be¡¡forthcoming£»¡¡and¡¡Bok¡¡was¡¡to¡¡give¡¡the¡¡public¡¡an¡¡explanation¡¡during¡¡the¡¡following¡¡week¡£¡¡The¡¡next¡¡concert¡¡was¡¡to¡¡present¡¡Mischa¡¡Elman£»¡¡and¡¡his¡¡co¡­operation¡¡was¡¡assured¡¡so¡¡that¡¡continuity¡¡of¡¡effort¡¡might¡¡be¡¡counted¡¡upon¡£

In¡¡order¡¡to¡¡have¡¡first¡­hand¡¡information£»¡¡Bok¡¡attended¡¡the¡¡concert¡¡that¡¡Saturday¡¡evening¡£¡¡The¡¡symphony£»¡¡Dvorak's¡¡¡¨New¡¡World¡¡Symphony£»¡¨¡¡amazed¡¡Bok¡¡by¡¡its¡¡beauty£»¡¡he¡¡was¡¡more¡¡astonished¡¡that¡¡he¡¡could¡¡so¡¡easily¡¡grasp¡¡any¡¡music¡¡in¡¡symphonic¡¡form¡£¡¡He¡¡was¡¡equally¡¡surprised¡¡at¡¡the¡¡simple¡¡beauty¡¡of¡¡the¡¡other¡¡numbers¡¡on¡¡the¡¡programme£»¡¡and¡¡wondered¡¡not¡¡a¡¡little¡¡at¡¡his¡¡own¡¡perfectly¡¡absorbed¡¡attention¡¡during¡¡Hofmann's¡¡playing¡¡of¡¡a¡¡rather¡¡long¡¡concerto¡£

The¡¡pianist's¡¡performance¡¡was¡¡so¡¡beautiful¡¡that¡¡the¡¡audience¡¡was¡¡uproarious¡¡in¡¡its¡¡approval£»¡¡it¡¡had¡¡calculated£»¡¡of¡¡course£»¡¡upon¡¡an¡¡encore£»¡¡and¡¡recalled¡¡the¡¡pianist¡¡again¡¡and¡¡again¡¡until¡¡he¡¡had¡¡appeared¡¡and¡¡bowed¡¡his¡¡thanks¡¡several¡¡times¡£¡¡But¡¡there¡¡was¡¡no¡¡encore£»¡¡the¡¡stage¡¡hands¡¡appeared¡¡and¡¡moved¡¡the¡¡piano¡¡to¡¡one¡¡side£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡audience¡¡relapsed¡¡into¡¡unsatisfied¡¡and¡¡rather¡¡bewildered¡¡silence¡£

Then¡¡followed¡¡Bok's¡¡publicity¡¡work¡¡in¡¡the¡¡newspapers£»¡¡beginning¡¡the¡¡next¡¡day£»¡¡exonerating¡¡Hofmann¡¡and¡¡explaining¡¡the¡¡situation¡£¡¡The¡¡following¡¡week£»¡¡with¡¡Mischa¡¡Elman¡¡as¡¡soloist£»¡¡the¡¡audience¡¡once¡¡more¡¡tried¡¡to¡¡have¡¡its¡¡way¡¡and¡¡its¡¡cherished¡¡encore£»¡¡but¡¡again¡¡none¡¡was¡¡forthcoming¡£¡¡Once¡¡more¡¡the¡¡newspapers¡¡explained£»¡¡the¡¡battle¡¡was¡¡won£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡no¡­encore¡¡rule¡¡has¡¡prevailed¡¡at¡¡the¡¡Philadelphia¡¡Orchestra¡¡concerts¡¡from¡¡that¡¡day¡¡to¡¡this£»¡¡with¡¡the¡¡public¡¡entirely¡¡resigned¡¡to¡¡the¡¡idea¡¡and¡¡satisfied¡¡with¡¡the¡¡reason¡¡therefor¡£

But¡¡the¡¡bewildered¡¡Bok¡¡could¡¡not¡¡make¡¡out¡¡exactly¡¡what¡¡had¡¡happened¡¡to¡¡his¡¡preconceived¡¡notion¡¡about¡¡symphonic¡¡music¡£¡¡He¡¡attended¡¡the¡¡following¡¡Saturday¡¡evening¡¡concert£»¡¡listened¡¡to¡¡a¡¡Brahms¡¡symphony¡¡that¡¡pleased¡¡him¡¡even¡¡more¡¡than¡¡had¡¡¡¨The¡¡New¡¡World£»¡¨¡¡and¡¡when£»¡¡two¡¡weeks¡¡later£»¡¡he¡¡heard¡¡the¡¡Tschaikowski¡¡¡¨Pathetique¡¨¡¡and¡¡later¡¡the¡¡¡¨Unfinished¡¨¡¡symphony£»¡¡by¡¡Schubert£»¡¡and¡¡a¡¡Beethoven¡¡symphony£»¡¡attracted¡¡by¡¡each¡¡in¡¡turn£»¡¡he¡¡realized¡¡that¡¡his¡¡prejudice¡¡against¡¡the¡¡whole¡¡question¡¡of¡¡symphonic¡¡music¡¡had¡¡been¡¡both¡¡wrongly¡¡conceived¡¡and¡¡baseless¡£

He¡¡now¡¡began¡¡to¡¡see¡¡the¡¡possibility¡¡of¡¡a¡¡whole¡¡world¡¡of¡¡beauty¡¡which¡¡up¡¡to¡¡that¡¡time¡¡had¡¡been¡¡closed¡¡to¡¡him£»¡¡and¡¡he¡¡made¡¡up¡¡his¡¡mind¡¡that¡¡he¡¡would¡¡enter¡¡it¡£¡¡Somehow¡¡or¡¡other£»¡¡he¡¡found¡¡the¡¡appeal¡¡of¡¡music¡¡did¡¡not¡¡confine¡¡itself¡¡to¡¡women£»¡¡it¡¡seemed¡¡to¡¡have¡¡a¡¡message¡¡for¡¡men¡£¡¡Then£»¡¡too£»¡¡instead¡¡of¡¡dreading¡¡the¡¡approach¡¡of¡¡Saturday¡¡evenings£»¡¡he¡¡was¡¡looking¡¡forward¡¡to¡¡them£»¡¡and¡¡invariably¡¡so¡¡arranged¡¡his¡¡engagements¡¡that¡¡they¡¡might¡¡not¡¡interfere¡¡with¡¡his¡¡attendance¡¡at¡¡the¡¡orchestra¡¡concerts¡£

After¡¡a¡¡busy¡¡week£»¡¡he¡¡discovered¡¡that¡¡nothing¡¡he¡¡had¡¡ever¡¡experienced¡¡served¡¡to¡¡quiet¡¡him¡¡so¡¡much¡¡as¡¡these¡¡end¡­of¡­the¡­week¡¡concerts¡£¡¡They¡¡were¡¡not¡¡too¡¡long£»¡¡an¡¡hour¡¡and¡¡a¡¡half¡¡at¡¡the¡¡utmost£»¡¡and£»¡¡above¡¡all£»¡¡except¡¡now¡¡and¡¡then£»¡¡when¡¡the¡¡conductor¡¡would¡¡take¡¡a¡¡flight¡¡into¡¡the¡¡world¡¡of¡¡Bach£»¡¡he¡¡found¡¡he¡¡followed¡¡him¡¡with¡¡at¡¡least¡¡a¡¡moderate¡¡degree¡¡of¡¡intelligence£»¡¡certainly¡¡with¡¡personal¡¡pleasure¡¡and¡¡inner¡¡satisfaction¡£

Bok¡¡concluded¡¡he¡¡would¡¡not¡¡read¡¡the¡¡articles¡¡he¡¡had¡¡published¡¡on¡¡the¡¡meaning¡¡of¡¡the¡¡different¡¡¡¨sections¡¨¡¡of¡¡a¡¡symphony¡¡orchestra£»¡¡or¡¡the¡¡books¡¡issued¡¡on¡¡that¡¡subject¡£¡¡He¡¡would¡¡try¡¡to¡¡solve¡¡the¡¡mechanism¡¡of¡¡an¡¡orchestra¡¡for¡¡himself£»¡¡and¡¡ascertain¡¡as¡¡he¡¡went¡¡along¡¡the¡¡relation¡¡that¡¡each¡¡portion¡¡bore¡¡to¡¡the¡¡other¡£¡¡When£»¡¡therefore£»¡¡in¡¡1913£»¡¡the¡¡president¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Philadelphia¡¡Orchestra¡¡Association¡¡asked¡¡him¡¡to¡¡become¡¡a¡¡member¡¡of¡¡its¡¡Board¡¡of¡¡Directors£»¡¡his¡¡acceptance¡¡was¡¡a¡¡natural¡¡step¡¡in¡¡the¡¡gradual¡¡development¡¡of¡¡his¡¡interest¡¡in¡¡orchestral¡¡music¡£

The¡¡public¡¡support¡¡given¡¡to¡¡orchestras¡¡now¡¡greatly¡¡interested¡¡Bok¡£¡¡He¡¡was¡¡surprised¡¡to¡¡find¡¡that¡¡every¡¡symphony¡¡orchestra¡¡had¡¡a¡¡yearly¡¡deficit¡£¡¡This¡¡he¡¡immediately¡¡attributed¡¡to¡¡faulty¡¡management£»¡¡but¡¡on¡¡investigating¡¡the¡¡whole¡¡question¡¡he¡¡learned¡¡that¡¡a¡¡symphony¡¡orchestra¡¡could¡¡not¡¡possibly¡¡operate£»¡¡at¡¡a¡¡profit¡¡or¡¡even¡¡on¡¡a¡¡self¡­sustaining¡¡basis£»¡¡because¡¡of¡¡its¡¡weekly¡¡change¡¡of¡¡programme£»¡¡the¡¡incessant¡¡rehearsals¡¡required£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡limited¡¡number¡¡of¡¡times¡¡it¡¡could¡¡actually¡¡play¡¡within¡¡a¡¡contracted¡¡season¡£¡¡An¡¡annual¡¡deficit¡¡was¡¡inevitable¡£

He¡¡found¡¡that¡¡the¡¡Philadelphia¡¡Orchestra¡¡had¡¡a¡¡small¡¡but¡¡faithful¡¡group¡¡of¡¡guarantors¡¡who¡¡each¡¡year¡¡made¡¡good¡¡the¡¡deficit¡¡in¡¡addition¡¡to¡¡paying¡¡for¡¡its¡¡concert¡¡seats¡£¡¡This¡¡did¡¡not¡¡seem¡¡to¡¡Bok¡¡a¡¡sound¡¡business¡¡plan£»¡¡it¡¡made¡¡of¡¡the¡¡orchestra¡¡a¡¡necessarily¡¡exclusive¡¡organization£»¡¡maintained¡¡by¡¡a¡¡few£»¡¡and¡¡it¡¡gave¡¡out¡¡this¡¡impression¡¡to¡¡the¡¡general¡¡public£»¡¡which¡¡felt¡¡that¡¡it¡¡did¡¡not¡¡¡¨belong£»¡¨¡¡whereas¡¡the¡¡true¡¡relation¡¡of¡¡public¡¡and¡¡orchestra¡¡was¡¡that¡¡of¡¡mutual¡¡dependence¡£¡¡Other¡¡orchestras£»¡¡he¡¡found£»¡¡as£»¡¡for¡¡example£»¡¡the¡¡Boston¡¡Symphony¡¡and¡¡the¡¡New¡¡York¡¡Philharmonic¡¡had¡¡their¡¡deficits¡¡met¡¡by¡¡one¡¡individual¡¡patron¡¡in¡¡each¡¡case¡£¡¡This£»¡¡to¡¡Bok's¡¡mind£»¡¡was¡¡an¡¡even¡¡worse¡¡system£»¡¡since¡¡it¡¡entirely¡¡excluded¡¡the¡¡public£»¡¡making¡¡the¡¡orchestra¡¡dependent¡¡on¡¡the¡¡continued¡¡interest¡¡and¡¡life¡¡of¡¡a¡¡single¡¡man¡£

In¡¡1916¡¡Bok¡¡sought¡¡Mr¡£¡¡Alexander¡¡Van¡¡Rensselaer£»¡¡the¡¡president¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Philadelphia¡¡Orchestra¡¡Association£»¡¡and¡¡proposed¡¡that¡¡he£»¡¡himself£»¡¡should¡¡guarantee¡¡the¡¡deficit¡¡of¡¡the¡¡orchestra¡¡for¡¡five¡¡years£»¡¡provided¡¡that¡¡during¡¡that¡¡period¡¡an¡¡endowment¡¡fund¡¡should¡¡be¡¡raised£»¡¡contributed¡¡by¡¡a¡¡large¡¡number¡¡of¡¡subscribers£»¡¡and¡¡sufficient¡¡in¡¡amount¡¡to¡¡meet£»¡¡from¡¡its¡¡interest£»¡¡the¡¡annual¡¡deficit¡£¡¡It¡¡was¡¡agreed¡¡that¡¡the¡¡donor¡¡should¡¡remain¡¡in¡¡strict¡¡anonymity£»¡¡an¡¡understanding¡¡which¡¡has¡¡been¡¡adhered¡¡to¡¡until¡¡the¡¡present¡¡writing¡£

The¡¡offer¡¡from¡¡the¡¡¡¨anonymous¡¡donor£»¡¨¡¡presented¡¡by¡¡the¡¡president£»¡¡was¡¡accepted¡¡by¡¡the¡¡Orchestra¡¡Association¡£¡¡A¡¡subscription¡¡to¡¡an¡¡endowment¡¡fund¡¡was¡¡shortly¡¡afterward¡¡begun£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡amount¡¡had¡¡been¡¡brought¡¡to¡¡eight¡¡hundred¡¡thousand¡¡dollars¡¡when¡¡the¡¡Great¡¡War¡¡interrupted¡¡any¡¡further¡¡additions¡£¡¡In¡¡the¡¡autumn¡¡of¡¡1919£»¡¡however£»¡¡a¡¡city¡­wide¡¡campaign¡¡for¡¡an¡¡addition¡¡of¡¡one¡¡million¡¡dollars¡¡to¡¡the¡¡endowment¡¡fund¡¡was¡¡launched¡£¡¡The¡¡amount¡¡was¡¡not¡¡only¡¡secured£»¡¡but¡¡over¡­subscribed¡£¡¡Thus£»¡¡instead¡¡of¡¡a¡¡guarantee¡¡fund£»¡¡contributed¡¡by¡¡thirteen¡¡hundred¡¡subscribers£»¡¡with¡¡the¡¡necessity¡¡for¡¡annual¡¡collection£»¡¡an¡¡endowment¡¡fund¡¡of¡¡one¡¡million¡¡eight¡¡hundred¡¡thousand¡¡dollars£»¡¡contributed¡¡by¡¡fourteen¡¡thousand¡¡subscribers£»¡¡has¡¡been¡¡secured£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡Philadelphia¡¡Orchestra¡¡has¡¡been¡¡promoted¡¡from¡¡a¡¡privately¡¡maintained¡¡organization¡¡to¡¡a¡¡public¡¡institution¡¡in¡¡which¡¡fourteen¡¡thousand¡¡residents¡¡of¡¡Philadelphia¡¡feel¡¡a¡¡proprietary¡¡interest¡£¡¡It¡¡has¡¡become¡¡in¡¡fact£»¡¡as¡¡well¡¡as¡¡in¡¡name£»¡¡¡¨our¡¡orchestra¡£¡¨



XXXIII¡£¡¡How¡¡Millions¡¡of¡¡People¡¡Are¡¡Reached

The¡¡success¡¡of¡¡The¡¡Ladies'¡¡Home¡¡Journal¡¡went¡¡steadily¡¡forward¡£¡¡The¡¡circulation¡¡had¡¡passed¡¡the¡¡previously¡¡unheard¡­of¡¡figure¡¡for¡¡a¡¡monthly¡¡magazine¡¡of¡¡a¡¡million¡¡and¡¡a¡¡half¡¡copies¡¡per¡¡month£»¡¡it¡¡had¡¡now¡¡touched¡¡a¡¡million¡¡and¡¡three¡­quarters¡£

And¡¡not¡¡only¡¡was¡¡the¡¡figure¡¡so¡¡high£»¡¡but¡¡the¡¡circulation¡¡itself¡¡was¡¡absolutely¡¡free¡¡from¡¡¡¨water¡£¡¨¡¡The¡¡public¡¡could¡¡not¡¡obtain¡¡the¡¡magazine¡¡through¡¡what¡¡are¡¡known¡¡as¡¡clubbing¡­rates£»¡¡since¡¡no¡¡subscriber¡¡was¡¡permitted¡¡to¡¡include¡¡any¡¡other¡¡magazine¡¡with¡¡it£»¡¡years¡¡ago¡¡it¡¡had¡¡abandoned¡¡the¡¡practice¡¡of¡¡offering¡¡premiums¡¡or¡¡consideration¡¡of¡¡any¡¡kind¡¡to¡¡induce¡¡subscriptions£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡newsdealers¡¡were¡¡not¡¡allowed¡¡to¡¡return¡¡unsold¡¡copies¡¡of¡¡the¡¡periodical¡£¡¡Hence¡¡every¡¡copy¡¡was¡¡either¡¡purchased¡¡by¡¡the¡¡public¡¡at¡¡the¡¡full¡¡price¡¡at¡¡a¡¡newsstand£»¡¡or¡¡subscribed¡¡for¡¡at¡¡its¡¡stated¡¡subscription¡¡price¡£¡¡It¡¡was£»¡¡in¡¡short£»¡¡an¡¡authoritative¡¡circulation¡£¡¡And¡¡on¡¡every¡¡hand¡¡the¡¡question¡¡was¡¡being¡¡asked£º¡¡¡¨How¡¡is¡¡it¡¡done£¿¡¡How¡¡is¡¡such¡¡a¡¡high¡¡circulation¡¡obtained£¿¡¨

Bok's¡¡invariable¡¡answer¡¡was¡¡that¡¡he¡¡gave¡¡his¡¡readers¡¡the¡¡very¡¡best¡¡of¡¡the¡¡class¡¡of¡¡reading¡¡that¡¡he¡¡believed¡¡would¡¡interest¡¡them£»¡¡and¡¡that¡¡he¡¡spared¡¡neither¡¡effort¡¡nor¡¡expense¡¡to¡¡obtain¡¡it¡¡for¡¡them¡£¡¡When¡¡Mr¡£¡¡Howells¡¡once¡¡asked¡¡him¡¡how¡¡he¡¡classified¡¡his¡¡audience£»¡¡Bok¡¡replied£º¡¡¡¨We¡¡appeal¡¡to¡¡the¡¡intelligent¡¡American¡¡woman¡¡rather¡¡than¡¡to¡¡the¡¡intellectual¡¡type¡£¡¨¡¡And¡¡he¡¡gave¡¡her¡¡the¡¡best¡¡he¡¡could¡¡obtain¡£¡¡As¡¡he¡¡knew¡¡her¡¡to¡¡be¡¡fond¡¡of¡¡the¡¡personal¡¡type¡¡of¡¡literature£»¡¡he¡¡gave¡¡her¡¡in¡¡succession¡¡Jane¡¡Addams's¡¡story¡¡of¡¡¡¨My¡¡Fifteen¡¡Years¡¡at¡¡Hull¡¡House£»¡¨¡¡and¡¡the¡¡remarkable¡¡narration¡¡of¡¡Helen¡¡Keller's¡¡¡¨Story¡¡of¡¡My¡¡Life¡¨£»¡¡he¡¡invited¡¡Henry¡¡Van¡¡Dyke£»¡¡who¡¡had¡¡never¡¡been¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Holy¡¡Land£»¡¡to¡¡go¡¡there£»¡¡camp¡¡out¡¡in¡¡a¡¡tent£»¡¡and¡¡then¡¡write¡¡a¡¡series¡¡of¡¡sketches£»¡¡¡¨Out¡¡of¡¡Doors¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Holy¡¡Land¡¨£»¡¡he¡¡induced¡¡Lyman¡¡Abbott¡¡to¡¡tell¡¡the¡¡story¡¡of¡¡¡¨My¡¡Fifty¡¡Years¡¡as¡¡a¡¡Minister¡£¡¨¡¡He¡¡asked¡¡Gene¡¡Stratton¡¡Porter¡¡to¡¡tell¡¡of¡¡her¡¡bird¡­experiences¡¡in¡¡the¡¡series£º¡¡¡¨What¡¡I¡¡Have¡¡Done¡¡with¡¡Birds¡¨£»¡¡he¡¡persuaded¡¡Dean¡¡Hodges¡¡to¡¡turn¡¡from¡¡his¡¡work¡¡of¡¡training¡¡young¡¡clergymen¡¡at¡¡the¡¡Episcopal¡¡Seminary£»¡¡at¡¡Cambridge£»¡¡and¡¡write¡¡one¡¡of¡¡the¡¡most¡¡successful¡¡series¡¡of¡¡Bible¡¡stories¡¡for¡¡children¡¡ever¡¡printed£»¡¡and¡¡then¡¡he¡¡supplemented¡¡this¡¡feature¡¡for¡¡children¡¡by¡¡publishing¡¡Rudyard¡¡Kipling's¡¡¡¨Just¡¡So¡¨¡¡stories¡¡and¡¡his¡¡¡¨Puck¡¡of¡¡Pook's¡¡Hill¡£¡¨¡¡He¡¡induced¡¡F¡£¡¡Hopkinson¡¡Smith¡¡to¡¡tell¡¡the¡¡best¡¡stories¡¡he¡¡had¡¡ever¡¡heard¡¡in¡¡his¡¡wide
СÌáʾ£º°´ »Ø³µ [Enter] ¼ü ·µ»ØÊéÄ¿£¬°´ ¡û ¼ü ·µ»ØÉÏÒ»Ò³£¬ °´ ¡ú ¼ü ½øÈëÏÂÒ»Ò³¡£ ÔÞһϠÌí¼ÓÊéÇ©¼ÓÈëÊé¼Ü