Sultans between whom no arrangement can be made； that the revenues are
badly raised； and the laws are not executed with justice。 〃For these
reasons；〃 he says； 〃we see that Perak is in very great distress； and； in
our opinion； the affairs of Perak cannot be settled except with strong；
active assurance from our friend the representative of Queen Victoria；
the greatest and most noble。。。。We earnestly beg our friend to give
complete assistance to Perak； and govern it； in order that this country
may obtain safety and happiness； and that proper revenues may be raised；
and the laws administered with justice； and all the inhabitants of the
country may live in comfort。〃＇
So far； as regards the Sultanate； I have followed the account given by
Sir Benson Maxwell。 Mr。 Swettenham； however； writes that Abdullah
failed to obtain complete recognition of himself as Sultan； and instead
of fulfilling the duties of his position； devoted himself to opium…
smoking； cock…fighting； and other vices； estranging； by his overbearing
manner and pride of position； those who only needed forbearance to make
them his supporters。 It may be remarked that Abdullah was not as
yielding as had been expected to his English advisers。
The Pangkor Treaty was signed in January； 1874。 On November 2d； 1875；
Mr。 Birch； the British Resident； who had arrived the evening before at
the village of Passir Salah to post up orders and proclamations
announcing that the whole kingdom of Perak was henceforth to be
governed by English officers； was murdered as he was preparing for the
bath。
On this provocation we entered upon a 〃little war；〃 Perak became known
in England； and the London press began to ask how it was that colonial
officers were suffered to make conquests and increase Imperial
responsibilities without the sanction of Parliament。 Lord Carnarvon
telegraphed to Singapore that he could not sanction the use of troops
〃for annexation or any other large political aims；〃 supplementing his
telegram by a despatch stating that the residential system had been
only sanctioned provisionally； as an experiment； and declaring that the
Government would not keep troops in a country 〃continuing to possess an
independent jurisdiction； for the purpose of enforcing measures which
the natives did not cheerfully accept。〃
As the sequel to the war and Mr。 Birch's murder； Ismail； who had
retained authority over a part of Perak； was banished to Johore；
Abdullah； the Sultan； and the Mentri of Larut； who was designated as an
〃intriguing character；〃 were exiled to the Seychelles； and the Rajah
Muda Yusuf； a prince who； by all accounts； was regarded as exceedingly
obnoxious； was elevated to the regency； Perak at the same time passing
virtually under our rule。
A great mist of passion and prejudice envelops our dealings with the
chiefs and people of this State； both before and after the war。 Sir
Benson Maxwell in 〃Our Malay Conquests；〃 presents a formidable
arraignment against the Colonial authorities； and Major M'Nair； in his
book on Perak； justifies all their proceedings。 If I may venture to
give an opinion upon so controverted a subject； it is； that all
Colonial authorities in their dealings with native races； all Residents
and their subordinates； and all transactions between ourselves and the
weak peoples of the Far East； would be better for having something of
〃the fierce light which beats upon a throne〃 turned upon them。 The good
have nothing to fear； the bad would be revealed in their badness； and
hasty counsels and ambitious designs would be held in check。 Public
opinion never reaches these equatorial jungles； we are grossly ignorant
of their inhabitants and their rights； of the manner in which our
interference originated； and how it has been exercised； and unless some
fresh disturbance and another 〃little war〃 should concentrate our
attention for a moment on these distant States； we are likely to remain
so； to their great detriment； and not a little； in one respect of the
case at least； to our own。
When the changes in Perak were completed； Mr。 Hugh Low； formerly
administrator of the Government of Labuan； was appointed Resident； and
Mr。 W。 E。 Maxwell； who had had considerable experience in Malay
affairs； Assistant Resident。 Both these gentlemen speak the Malay
tongue readily and idiomatically； and Mr。 Maxwell is an accomplished
Malay scholar。 Of both the superior and subordinate it may truly be
said that； by tact； firmness； patience； and a uniformly just regard for
both Malay and Chinese interests； they have not only pacified the
State； but have conciliated the Rajahs； and in the main have reconciled
the people to the new order of things。
LETTER XVIII
Province WellesleyWater BuffaloesA Glorious NightPerak
OfficialsA 〃Dismal Swamp〃Elephants at HomeAn Epigrammatic
DescriptionThe British Residency at TaipengSultan Abdulla's BoysA
Chinese Mining TownThe 〃Armed Police〃An Alligator's VictimMajor
SwinburneA Larut Dinner PartyA Morning Hymn
BRITISH RESIDENCY； LARUT； February 11。
I left Mr。 Justice Wood's yesterday； and his servant dispatched me from
the jetty in a large boat with an attap awning and six Kling rowers；
whose oars worked in nooses of rope。 The narrow Strait was very calm；
and the hot； fiery light of the tropic evening resting upon it； made it
look like oil rather than water。 In half an hour I landed on the other
side in the prosperous Province Wellesley； under a row of magnificent
casuarina trees； with gray； feathery foliage drooping over a beach of
corals and； behind which are the solemn glades of cocoa…nut groves。 On
the little jetty a Sikh policeman waited for me； and presently Mrs。
Isemonger； wife of the police magistrate of the Province； met me on the
bright； green lawn studded with clumps of alamanda； which surrounds
their lovely； palm…shaded bungalow。
Though the shadows were falling； Mr。 Isemonger took me to see something
of the back country in a trap with a fiery Sumatra pony。 There are
miles of cocoa…nut plantations belonging to Chinamen all along the
coast； with the trees in straight lines forming long； broad avenues；
which have a certain gloomy grandeur about them。 Then come sugarcane
and padi； and then palm plantations again。
The cocoa…nut palm grows best near salt water； no matter how loose and
sandy the soil is； and in these congenial circumstances needs neither
manure nor care of any kind。 It bends lovingly toward the sea； and
drops its ripe fruit into it。 But if it is planted more than two
hundred yards from the beach； it needs either rich or well…manured
soil； or the proximity of human habitations。 It begins to bear fruit
between its fourth and tenth years； according to soil； and a
well…placed； generous tree bears from one hundred and forty to one
hundred and fifty nuts a year。 They are of wonderfully slow growth。 It
is three months from the time the blossom appears before the fruit
sets； then it takes six months to grow； and three months more to ripen；
and after that will hang two months on the tree before it
fallsfourteen months from the first appearance of the flower！
It is certainly not beautiful as grown in Province Wellesley； and I am
becoming faithless to my allegiance to it in this region of areca and
other more graceful palms。
In returning we saw many Malay kampongs under the palms； each with a
fire lighted underneath it； and there were many other fires for the
water…buffaloes； with groups of these uncouth brutes gathered
invariably on the leeward side； glad to be smoked rather than bitten by
the mosquitoes。 These huge； thin…skinned animals have a strange
antipathy to white people。 They are petted and caressed by the Malays；
and even small boys can do anything with them； and can ride upon their
backs； but constantly when they see white people they raise their
muzzles； and if there be room charge them madly。 A buffalo is
enormously strong； but he objects to the sun； and likes to bathe in
rivers； and plaster himself with mud； and his tastes are much humored
by his owners。 A buffalo has often been known to vanquish a tiger when
both have had fair play。 Most of the drive back was accomplished by
nearly incessant flashes of sheet lightning。
We had a most pleasant evening。 Mrs。 Isemonger； who is a sister of Mr。
Maxwell； my present host； is gentle； thoughtful； well…informed； and
studious； and instead of creating and living in an artificial English
atmosphere which is apt to make a residence in a foreign country a very
unproductive period； she has interested herself in the Malays； and has
not only acquired an excellent knowledge of Malayan； but is translating
a Malayan book。
I felt much humiliated by my ignorance of Province Wellesley； of which
in truth I had never heard until I reached Malacca。 It is a mere strip；
however； only thirty…five miles long by about ten broad； but it is
highly cultivated； fertile； rich； prosperous； and populous。 From Pinang
one sees its broad stretches of bright green sugar…cane and the
chimneys of its sugar factories； and it grows rice and cocoa…nuts； and
is actually more populous than Pinang or Malacca； and contains as many
Malays as Sungei Ujong； Selangor and Pinang togetherfifty…eight
thousand！ Mr。 Maxwell had promised to bring the Kinta； a steam…
launch； across from Georgetown by 8 P。M。； and it shows how very
pleasant the evening was； that though I was very tired； eight； nine；
ten； and eleven came； and the conversation never flagged。
Soon after eleven the Kinta appeared； a black shadow on a silver sea；
roaring for a boat； but the surf was so heavy that it was some time
before the police boat was got off； and then Mr。 Maxwell； whose cheery；
energetic voice precedes him； and Mr。 Walker landed； bullying
everybody； as people often do when they know that they are the
delinquents！ It was lovely in the white moonlight with the curving
shadows of palms on the dewy grass； the grace of the drooping
casuarinas； the shining water； and the long drift of surf。 It was hard
to get off； and the surf broke into the boat； but when we were once
through it； the sea was like oil； the oars dripped flame； and； seen
from the water； the long line of surf broke on the shore not in snow；
bu