ent and emotions。 There was no attempt at rhetoric； but hard； hammerlike blows。 As he rose in his indignation and denunciation of some current evils； and illustrated his argument with the Old Testament examples of the punishment of sinners； the audience became greatly excited。 One of the officers of the church； in whose pew I sat； groaned aloud and gripped his hands so that the nails left their mark。 Others around him were in the same frame of mind and spirit。
I saw there and then that the men who fought with Cromwell and won the battle of Naseby had in modern England plenty of descendants。 They had changed only in outward deference to modern usages and conditions。 If there had been occasion； Mr。 Spurgeon could have led them for any sacrifice to what they believed to be right。 I felt the power of that suppressed feelingI would not say fanaticism； but intense conscientiousnesswhich occasionally in elections greatly surprises English politicians。
Canon Farrar's sermon easily takes its place among the selected books of the library。 Spurgeon's address was straight from the shoulder； blow for blow； for the needs of the hour。
One of the novel incidents of the generous hospitality which I enjoyed every year in London was a dinner at the Athenaeum Club given to me by one of the members of the government at that time。 He was a gentleman of high rank and political importance。 There were twenty…six at the dinner； and it was a representative gathering。
At the conclusion our host made a very cordial speech on more intimate relations between the United States and Great Britain； and then in a complimentary phrase introduced me； saying： 〃I hope you will speak freely and without limit。〃
I was encouraged by a most sympathetic audience and had a good time during my effort。 No one else was called upon。 My host was complimentary and said： 〃Your speech was so satisfactory that I thought best not to have any more。〃
Some time afterwards he said to me： 〃Many of my friends had heard of you but never heard you； so I made up my mind to give them the opportunity； and what was really a purely social affair for every other guest； I turned into an international occasion just to draw you out。 However； the fraud； if it was a fraud； was an eminent success。〃
No one in England did more for Americans than Sir Henry Lucy。 Every American knew all about him； because of his reputation； and particularly because he was the author of that most interesting column in Punch called the 〃Essence of Parliament。〃
At his luncheons he gathered eminent men in public life and in the literary and journalistic activities of Great Britain。 These luncheons were most informal； and under the hospitable genius of Lucy the guests became on intimate terms。 There was no table in London where so many racy stories and sometimes valuable historical reminiscences could be heard。
To be a guest at one of Sir Lucy's luncheons was for an American to meet on familiar terms with distinguished men whom he knew all about and was most anxious to see and hear。
At a large dinner I had a pleasant encounter with Sir Henry。 In order to meet another engagement； he tried to slip quietly out while I was speaking。 I caught sight of his retreating figure and called loudly the refrain of the familiar song； 〃Linger longer； Lucy。〃 The shout of the crowd brought Sir Henry back； and the other entertainment lost a guest。
In several of my visits to London I went to see not only places of interest but also houses and streets made famous in English literature。 In one of my many trips to St。 Paul's Cathedral I was looking at the tomb of the Duke of Wellington in the crypt and also at the modest tomb of Cruikshank； the artist； near by。
The superintendent asked me who I was and many questions about America； and then said： 〃Many Americans come here； but the most remarkable of them all was Colonel Robert G。 Ingersoll。 He was very inquisitive and wanted to know all about Wellington's tomb。 I told him that the duke's body was first put in a wooden coffin； and this was incased in steel； that this had made for it a position in a stone weighing twenty tons and over that was a huge stone weighing forty tons。 He gave me a slap on the back which sent me flying quite a distance and exclaimed： 'Old man； you have got him safe。 If he ever escapes cable at my expense to Robert G。 Ingersoll； Peoria； Illinois； U。 S。 A。'〃
I had an opportunity to know that the war by Germany against France and England was a surprise to both countries。 While in London during part of June； 1914； I met Cabinet ministers and members of Parliament； and their whole thought and anxiety were concentrated on the threatened revolution in Ireland。
The Cabinet had asked the king to intervene and he had called representatives of all parties to meet him at Buckingham Palace。 After many consultations he declared settlement or compromise were impossible。 The situation was so critical that it absorbed the attention of the government； the press； and the public。
About the first of July I was in Paris and found the French worried about their finances and the increase in their military expenses which were reaching threatening figures。 The syndicate of French bankers were seriously alarmed。 There was no suspicion of German purpose and preparations for attack。
While in Geneva a few weeks afterwards I became alarmed by letters from relatives in Germany who were socially intimate with people holding very important positions in the government and the army； and their apprehensions from what their German friends told them and what they saw led to their joining us in Switzerland。
One day the Swiss refused to take foreign money or to make exchange for Swiss； or to cash letters of credit or bank checks。 I immediately concluded that the Swiss bankers knew of or suspected Germany's hostile intentions； and with only two hours； and two families with their trunks to pack； we managed to reach and secure accommodations on the regular train for Paris。 There was nothing unusual either at the railroad station or in the city。
One of the amusing incidents which are my life…preservers occurred at the station。 Two elderly English spinsters were excitedly discussing the currency trouble。 One of them smoothed out a bank of England note and said to her sister： 〃There； Sarah； is a bank of England note which has been good as gold all over the world since Christ came to earth； and these Swiss pigs won't take it。〃
I told this incident afterwards to a banker in London。 He said they were very ignorant women； there were no bank of England notes at that time。
German hostility developed so rapidly that our train was the last which left Switzerland for France for nearly two months。 We were due in Paris at ten o'clock in the evening； but did not arrive until the next morning because of the mobilization of French recruits。
The excitement in Paris was intense。 A French statesman said to me： 〃We are doing our best to avoid war。 Our troops are kept ten kilometres from the frontier； but the Germans have crossed and seized strategic points。 They will hear nothing and accept nothing and are determined to crush us if they can。〃
From all ranks of the people was heard： 〃We will fight to the last man； but we are outnumbered and will be destroyed unless England helps。 Will England help？ Will England help？〃 I have been through several crises but never witnessed nor felt such a reaction to ecstatic joy as occurred when Great Britain joined France。
The restrictions on leaving Paris required time； patience； and all the resources of our Embassy to get us out of France。 The helpfulness； resourcefulness； and untiring efforts of our Ambassador； Myron T。 Herrick； won the gratitude of all Americans whom the war had interned on the continent and who must get home。
There was a remarkable change in England。 When we left in July there was almost hysteria over the threatening civil war。 In October the people were calm though involved in the greatest war in their history。 They did not minimize the magnitude of the struggle； or the sacrifices it would require。 There was a characteristic grim determination to see the crisis through； regardless of cost。 Cabinet ministers whom I met thought the war would last three years。
The constant appeal to me； as to other Americans； was； 〃When will you join us？ If we fail it is your turn next。 It is autocracy and militarism against civilization； liberty； and representative government for the whole world。〃
We had a perilous and anxious voyage home and found few grasping the situation or working to be prepared for the inevitable； except Theodore Roosevelt and General Wood。
XX。 ORATORS AND CAMPAIGN SPEAKERS
During my college days at Yale Wendell Phillips； William Lloyd Garrison； and Henry Ward Beecher were frequent lecturers； and generally on the slavery question。 I have heard most of the great orators of the world； but none of them produced such an immediate and lasting effect upon their audience as Wendell Phillips。 He was the finest type of a cultured New Englander。 He was the recipient of the best education possible in his time and with independent means which enabled him to pursue his studies and career。 Besides； he was one of the handsomest men I ever saw upon the platform； and in his inspired moments met one's imaginative conception of a Greek god。
Phillips rarely made a gesture or spoke above the conversational； but his musical voice reached the remotest comers of the hall。 The eager audience； fearful of losing a word； would bend forward with open mouths as well as attentive ears。 It was always a hostile audience at the beginning of Mr。 Phillips's address； but before the end he swayed them to applause； tears； or laughter； as a skilled performer upon a perfect instrument。 His subject was nearly always slavery； his views very extreme and for immediate abolition； but at that time he had a very small following。 Nevertheless； his speeches； especially because of the riots and controversies they caused； set people thinking； and largely increased the hostility to slavery； especially to its extension。
I met Mr。 Phillips one evening； after a lecture； at the house of Pro